中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 1385-1392.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.382989

• 原著:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    

SARS-CoV2 Nsp3蛋白触发细胞死亡并加剧Aβ42介导的神经变性

  

  • 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2023-11-18

SARS-CoV2 Nsp3 protein triggers cell death and exacerbates amyloid β42-mediated neurodegeneration

Aditi Singh1, #, Anuradha Venkatakrishnan Chimata1, #, Prajakta Deshpande1, Soumya Bajpai1, Anjali Sangeeth1, Mrigendra Rajput1, *, Amit Singh1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *   

  1. 1Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA; 2Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA; 3Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA; 4The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA; 5Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
  • Online:2024-06-15 Published:2023-11-18
  • Contact: Amit Singh, PhD, asingh1@udayton.edu; Mrigendra Rajput, PhD, mrajput1@udayton.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by 1RO1EY032959-01 from NIH, Schuellein Chair Endowment Fund and STEM Catalyst Grant from the University of Dayton (all to AS).

摘要:

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)引起的感染诱发了严重急性呼吸系统综合征和认知功能障碍。SARS-CoV2新型冠状病毒肺炎综合征的长期影响对与年龄有关的神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病的影响仍未得到充分研究。通过在黑腹果蝇视网膜神经元中定向表达SARS-CoV2蛋白,实验发现非结构蛋白3错误表达会使眼部产生坏死暗点。非结构蛋白3在眼中的靶向表达引发了活性氧的产生,并导致了细胞死亡。非结构蛋白3的错误表达同时激活了细胞凋亡和自噬机制,以调节眼组织的平衡状态。SARS-CoV2非结构蛋白3在小鼠神经母细胞瘤Neuro-2a细胞中的瞬时表达明显降低了这些细胞的代谢活动并引发细胞死亡。SARS-CoV2非结构蛋白3在阿尔茨海默病转基因蝇眼模型(GMR>Aβ42)中的错误表达使细胞死亡增加,进一步增强了神经退行性糙眼表型。这些结果表明,新型冠状病毒肺炎利用非结构蛋白3蛋白可增强存在高水平神经炎症和细胞死亡的神经退行性疾病背景下的细胞死亡反应。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2962-2255 (Amit Singh); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-4188 (Mrigendra Rajput)

Abstract: Infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) virus, responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, induces symptoms including increased inflammatory response, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), cognitive dysfunction like brain fog, and cardiovascular defects. Long-term effects of SARS-CoV2 COVID-19 syndrome referred to as post-COVID-19 syndrome on age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease remain understudied. Using the targeted misexpression of individual SARS-CoV2 proteins in the retinal neurons of the Drosophila melanogaster eye, we found that misexpression of nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3), a papain-like protease, ablates the eye and generates dark necrotic spots. Targeted misexpression of Nsp3 in the eye triggers reactive oxygen species production and leads to apoptosis as shown by cell death reporters, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and dihydroethidium staining. Furthermore, Nsp3 misexpression activates both apoptosis and autophagy mechanism(s) to regulate tissue homeostasis. Transient expression of SARS-CoV2 Nsp3 in murine neuroblastoma, Neuro-2a cells, significantly reduced the metabolic activity of these cells and triggers cell death. Misexpression of SARS-CoV2 Nsp3 in an Alzheimer’s disease transgenic fly eye model (glass multiple repeats [GMR]>amyloid β42) further enhances the neurodegenerative rough eye phenotype due to increased cell death. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV2 utilizes Nsp3 protein to potentiate cell death response in a neurodegenerative disease background that has high pre-existing levels of neuroinflammation and cell death. 

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, apoptosis, autophagy, COVID-19, Drosophila, necrosis, Neuro-2a cells,  , neurodegeneration, post COVID-19 syndrome, SARS-CoV2