中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 1299-1307.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.385857

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

全身麻醉剂通过星形胶质细胞诱发神经毒性

  

  • 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2023-11-17

Yanchang Yang1, Tiantian Liu1, 2, Jun Li1, 3, Dandan Yan1, Yuhan Hu4, Pin Wu1, Fuquan Fang1, Patrick M. McQuillan5, Wenxin Hang1, Jianhang Leng6, *, Zhiyong Hu1, *   

  1. 1Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; 4Cell Biology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; 5Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Centre, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; 6Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Online:2024-06-15 Published:2023-11-17
  • Contact: Zhiyong Hu, MD, huzhiyong777@zju.edu.cn; Jianhang Leng, MD, 13588724496@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82171260, 81641042, 81471240, and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, Nos. LZ22H090002 and 2014C33170 (all to ZH).

摘要:

星形胶质细胞拥有多种电压和配体依赖性离子通道,例如半通道,bestrophin-1通道和体积调节阴离子通道。此外,许多不同类型的神经递质受体和转运蛋白(谷氨酸转运蛋白1、谷氨酸天冬氨酸转运蛋白和GABA转运体)在星形胶质细胞的表面膜上表达。全身麻醉剂可以通过以上多种离子通道和递质受体靶向星形胶质细胞,参与镇静、镇痛和遗忘作用,同时可介导全身麻醉诱导的神经毒性和术后认知功能障碍。目前,关注全身麻醉剂对星形胶质细胞影响的研究较少,全身麻醉剂通过星形胶质细胞与神经元相互作用的机制也尚未得到充分解释。这篇综述重点讨论了全身麻醉剂如何对星形胶质细胞产生作用及诱发的药物不良反应和神经毒性,归纳和总结了多种全身麻醉药物对星形胶质细胞的可能作用机制和如何通过星形胶质细胞作用于神经元,并探讨了神经元与星形胶质细胞之间的相互作用,阐述了全身麻醉剂对星形胶质细胞作用机制研究的最新进展。此文有助于更好地理解全身麻醉剂如何通过星形胶质细胞作用于神经元及其对神经系统的影响,并希望据此制定针对星形胶质细胞的干预措施,以减少麻醉剂诱发的神经毒性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-9066 (Zhiyong Hu); https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2145-0796 (Jianhang Leng)

Abstract: Neuroscientists have recognized the importance of astrocytes in regulating neurological function and their influence on the release of glial transmitters. Few studies, however, have focused on the effects of general anesthetic agents on neuroglia or astrocytes. Astrocytes can also be an important target of general anesthetic agents as they exert not only sedative, analgesic, and amnesic effects but also mediate general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Here, we analyzed recent advances in understanding the mechanism of general anesthetic agents on astrocytes, and found that exposure to general anesthetic agents will destroy the morphology and proliferation of astrocytes, in addition to acting on the receptors on their surface, which not only affect Ca2+ signaling, inhibit the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lactate from astrocytes, but are even involved in the regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory processes of astrocytes. These would obviously affect the communication between astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and neighboring neurons, other neuroglia, and vascular cells. In this review, we summarize how general anesthetic agents act on neurons via astrocytes, and explore potential mechanisms of action of general anesthetic agents on the nervous system. We hope that this review will provide a new direction for mitigating the neurotoxicity of general anesthetic agents.

Key words: astrocytes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, general anesthetic agents, neuron, neurotoxicity, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, perioperative neurocognition, Toll-like receptor, γ-aminobutyric acid receptor