中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (8): 1678-1685.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.389630

• 综述:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脊髓损伤后的常驻免疫反应:星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的作用

  

  • 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-01-03

Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury: role of astrocytes and microglia

Sydney Brockie1, 2, Cindy Zhou1, 2, Michael G. Fehlings1, 2, 3, *   

  1. 1Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 3Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  • Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-01-03
  • Contact: Michael G. Fehlings, MD, PhD, FRCSC, FACS, Michael.Fehlings@uhn.ca.
  • Supported by:
    This work is supported by the Robert Campeau Family Foundation/Dr. C.H. Tator Chair in Brain and Spinal Cord Research (to MGF).

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-6364 (Michael G. Fehlings)

Abstract: Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin, with the latter rising in incidence and prevalence with the aging demographics of our society. Moreover, as the global population ages, individuals with co-existent degenerative spinal pathology comprise a growing number of traumatic spinal cord injury cases, especially involving the cervical spinal cord. This makes recovery and treatment approaches particularly challenging as age and comorbidities may limit regenerative capacity. For these reasons, it is critical to better understand the complex milieu of spinal cord injury lesion pathobiology and the ensuing inflammatory response. This review discusses microglia-specific purinergic and cytokine signaling pathways, as well as microglial modulation of synaptic stability and plasticity after injury. Further, we evaluate the role of astrocytes in neurotransmission and calcium signaling, as well as their border-forming response to neural lesions. Both the inflammatory and reparative roles of these cells have eluded our complete understanding and remain key therapeutic targets due to their extensive structural and functional roles in the nervous system. Recent advances have shed light on the roles of glia in neurotransmission and reparative injury responses that will change how interventions are directed. Understanding key processes and existing knowledge gaps will allow future research to effectively target these cells and harness their regenerative potential.

Key words: astrocytes, glial signaling, microglia, spinal cord injury, synaptic transmission