中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (8): 1718-1727.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.389745

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

阿尔茨海默病小胶质细胞与环境危险因素的相互作用

  

  • 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-01-03
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82001211);国家自然科学基金项目(82101241)

Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer’s disease

Miaoping Zhang, Chunmei Liang, Xiongjin Chen, Yujie Cai*, Lili Cui*   

  1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-01-03
  • Contact: Lili Cui, PhD, cuilili@gdmu.edu.cn; Yujie Cai, PhD, musejie163@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82071190 and 82371438 (to LC) and Innovative Strong School Project of Guangdong Medical University, No. 4SG21230G (to LC), and Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Medical University, No. GDMUM2020017 (to CL).

摘要:

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的神经退行性疾病之一,以进行性认知功能障碍为特征。除遗传风险外,环境风险因素作为阿尔茨海默病的另一个主要风险因素,已被证明对阿尔茨海默病的发生和发展有越来越大的影响。小胶质细胞是大脑中最重要的免疫细胞,在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中起着核心作用,被认为是环境因素和不同生活方式的传感器。环境污染或现代生活方式(慢性压力、不良饮食习惯和昼夜节律紊乱)等环境因素可通过调节小胶质细胞的功能和表型,引起神经炎症反应,导致认知障碍。然而,这些环境因素与小胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病中相互作用的具体机制尚不清楚。文章首先总结了阿尔茨海默病与小胶质细胞密不可分的关系。然后,重点讨论了空气质量、压力、肠道菌群、睡眠节律、体育锻炼、香烟、咖啡因等各种现代生活方式因素如何调控小胶质细胞和阿尔茨海默病。了解小胶质细胞与环境因素的相互作用可能有助于研究阿尔茨海默病的潜在诊断、预后和治疗策略。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-2531 (Lili Cui); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-0677 (Yujie Cai)

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease, among the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. At present, the Alzheimer’s disease main risk remains genetic risks, but major environmental factors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer’s disease development and progression. Microglia, the most important brain immune cells, play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle “sensors.” Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles (e.g., chronic stress, poor dietary habits, sleep, and circadian rhythm disorders) can cause neuroinflammatory responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these factors and microglia in Alzheimer’s disease are unclear. Herein, we: discuss the biological effects of air pollution, chronic stress, gut microbiota, sleep patterns, physical exercise, cigarette smoking, and caffeine consumption on microglia; consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease; and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle. Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk factors at an early Alzheimer’s disease stage, understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease development, and targeting strategies to target microglia, could be essential to future Alzheimer’s disease treatments.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, chronic stress, environmental factor, gut microbiota, microglia, particulate matter with diameter <, 2.5 μm