中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (10): 2157-2174.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.391179

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物活性材料和组织工程技术:促进创伤性脑损伤神经再生的新视角

  

  • 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-01-29
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目(2023YFS0164)

Biomaterials and tissue engineering in traumatic brain injury: novel perspectives on promoting neural regeneration

Shihong Zhu1, #, Xiaoyin Liu1, 2, #, Xiyue Lu3, #, Qiang Liao4, Huiyang Luo1, 3, Yuan Tian1, Xu Cheng3, Yaxin Jiang5, Guangdi Liu6, Jing Chen1, *   

  1. 1Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; 2National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; 4Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; 5Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; 6Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
  • Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-01-29
  • Contact: Jing Chen, MD, chenjing6811@126.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program, No. 2023YFS0164 (to JC).

摘要:

近年来,组织工程和再生医学已成为神经再生领域的新兴方法。结合生物材料、生长因子、干细胞以及外泌体的组织工程方案为神经损伤的有效修复提供了一个利于神经功能恢复、改善预后、减少药物使用和侵入性外科手术的平台。生物材料在促进神经发育、抑制胶质瘢痕形成、提供合适的仿生神经微环境等方面表现出优势,使其在神经再生领域具有广阔的应用前景。例如,负载干细胞的生物活性支架可提供生物相容性和可生物降解的环境。此外,干细胞来源的外泌体结合了干细胞的优势,避免了免疫排斥的风险,与生物材料结合增强了其生物功能并发挥稳定的作用,从而促进创伤性脑损伤患者的血管生成和神经再生,促进脑功能的恢复。遗憾的是,虽然生物材料在实验室中显示出了积极的效果,但当其应用于人体中枢神经系统再生的临床研究时,其疗效却不尽如人意。在此,文章首先归纳了各种生物活性材料的特点和性质,介绍基于创伤性脑损伤后生物化学和细胞分子机制的应用,并讨论了生物材料在促进神经再生方面的新兴作用,接着总结了由干细胞以及干细胞来源的外泌体注入的适应性生物材料应用于创伤性脑损伤患者的治疗,最后,提出了生物材料用于颅脑创伤治疗的主要局限性,并对其未来的潜力提出了见解。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3297-9183 (Jing Chen)

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.

Key words: bioactive materials, biomaterials, exosomes, neural regeneration, scaffolds, stem cells, tissue engineering, traumatic brain injury