中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 613-631.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01343

• 综述:退行性病与再生 •    下一篇

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4在阿尔茨海默病中的保护作用及治疗意义

  

  • 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2024-06-25

Potential role and therapeutic implications of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Yanxin Shen1, 2, Guimei Zhang1, 2, Chunxiao Wei1, 2, Panpan Zhao1, 2, Yongchun Wang1, 2, Mingxi Li1, 2, Li Sun1, 2, *   

  1. 1Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; 2Cognitive Impairment Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
  • Online:2025-03-15 Published:2024-06-25
  • Contact: Li Sun, PhD, sunli99@jlu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82071442 (to LS) and a grant from the Jilin Provincial Department of Finance, No. JLSWSRCZX2021-004 (to LS).

摘要:

阿尔茨海默病是一种与年龄有关的神经退行性疾病,其发病机制复杂多样,目前缺乏有效的治疗方法。近年来,氧化应激参与阿尔茨海默病的发病机制,受到广泛的关注。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4作为含硒抗氧化酶家族的成员,它能还原酯化磷脂氢过氧化物,在维持细胞氧化还原平衡中发挥重要作用。尤其是随着铁死亡研究的进展,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4作为铁死亡的关键调控因子其抑制脂质过氧化的重要作用已然成为目前研究的热点问题。但是,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4在阿尔茨海默病病理机制中的作用以及靶向谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究进展有待进一步总结。文章首先概述了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4的基因结构、生物学功能和调控机制,然后讨论了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4在与阿尔茨海默病密切相关病理事件中的重要作用,最后总结了靶向谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4治疗阿尔茨海默病的小分子药物、天然植物产物和非药物治疗等方法。作者认为,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4在阿尔茨海默病大脑中表达降低,氧化应激,炎症,铁死亡和凋亡等相关指标升高。大量体内和体外研究也证实了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4水平在阿尔茨海默病病理模型中显著降低,而促进谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4表达和增强谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4活性改善了阿尔茨海默病的病理损伤及认知功能。因此,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4可能是阿尔茨海默病治疗的关键靶点。目前大多数研究主要依赖于动物模型,缺少相关的临床研究,因此未来需要投入临床试验来验证靶向谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4在阿尔茨海默病患者中的治疗效果。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-4653 (Li Sun)

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer’s disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer’s disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer’s disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer’s disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Key words: apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, natural plant products, neurodegenerative disorder, neuroprotection, oxidative stress, small-molecule drugs