中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (11): 2488-2498.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01355

• 原著:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

巨噬细胞向 M1 表型极化过程中的脑卒中动脉粥样硬化相关lnc_000048/PKR/STAT1轴

  

  • 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-03-29
  • 基金资助:
    研究得到了山东省自然科学基金资助ZR2020MH138

Atherosis-associated lnc_000048 activates PKR to enhance STAT1-mediated polarization of THP-1 macrophages to M1 phenotype

Yuanyuan Ding1, #, Yu Sun1, #, Hongyan Wang2, Hongqin Zhao1, Ruihua Yin1, Meng Zhang1, *, Xudong Pan1, *, Xiaoyan Zhu3, *   

  1. 1Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; 2Qingdao Cadre Health Care Service Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; 3Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
  • Online:2024-11-15 Published:2024-03-29
  • Contact: Xiaoyan Zhu, PhD, zxysdjm@qdu.edu.cn; Xudong Pan, PhD, drpan022@qdu.edu.cn; Meng Zhang, MD, 2021010088@qdu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. ZR2020MH138 (to XZ).

摘要:

作者以往的研究验证了lnc_000048在大动脉粥样硬化性脑卒中中上调,并促进载脂蛋白E-/-小鼠的动脉粥样硬化。然而,人们对动脉粥样硬化过程中lnc_000048和蛋白激酶RNA激活(PKR)的联合调控,尤其是在经典活化巨噬细胞(M1)极化过程中的作用知之甚少。实验建立了源自 THP-1 的测试态巨噬细胞(M0)、M1 和增强型交替活化巨噬细胞(M2)模型。采用实时荧光定量 PCR验证了不同巨噬细胞模型中标记基因TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,IL-10,CCL18,CCL22,CD38,CD80,CD163mRNA 的表达以及 lnc_000048 的差异表达。应用流式细胞术检测表型蛋白CD11b,CD38,CD80。通过慢病毒感染构建了 Sh-lnc_000048-M1,Sh-NC-M1,Oe-lnc_000048-M1,Oe-NC-M1,Oe-lnc_000048-M1+C16 和 Oe-NC-M1+C16。流式细胞术、Western blot和实时荧光定量 PCR结果表明,下调lnc_000048会抑制M1巨噬细胞的极化和炎症反应,而过表达lnc_000048则会导致相反的效果。此外,WB结果表明,lnc_000048能增强STAT1通路的激活,介导M1巨噬细胞极化。此外,RNA-pull down、质谱分析、catRAPID、RPIseq网站、原位杂交和免疫荧光等方法验证了lnc_000048和PKR在M1巨噬细胞胞质中的亚细胞共定位。从机制上证明,lnc_000048可能与PKR形成茎环结构特异性结合,并通过诱导PKR磷酸化激活PKR,共同调控STAT1磷酸化激活,从而增强STAT1通路介导的THP-1巨噬细胞向M1极化和炎症因子表达。这些结果揭示了lnc_000048/PKR/STAT1轴在M1巨噬细胞的极化过程中起着关键作用,其有作为治疗脑卒中动脉粥样硬化的新型干预靶点。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9616-9289 (Xiaoyan Zhu); https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1010-9142 (Xudong Pan); 
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2958-0308 (Meng Zhang)

Abstract: Our previous study has demonstrated that lnc_000048 is upregulated in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke and promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE–/– mice. However, little is known about the role of lnc_000048 in classically activated macrophage (M1) polarization. In this study, we established THP-1-derived testing state macrophages (M0), M1 macrophages, and alternately activated macrophages (M2). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to verify the expression of marker genes and the expression of lnc_000048 in macrophages. Flow cytometry was used to detect phenotypic proteins (CD11b, CD38, CD80). We generated cell lines with lentivirus-mediated upregulation or downregulation of lnc_000048. Flow cytometry, western blot, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that down-regulation of lnc_000048 reduced M1 macrophage polarization and the inflammation response, while over-expression of lnc_000048 led to the opposite effect. Western blot results indicated that lnc_000048 enhanced the activation of the STAT1 pathway and mediated the M1 macrophage polarization. Moreover, catRAPID prediction, RNA-pull down, and mass spectrometry were used to identify and screen the protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), then catRAPID and RPIseq were used to predict the binding ability of lnc_000048 to PKR. Immunofluorescence (IF)-RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) double labeling was performed to verify the subcellular colocalization of lnc_000048 and PKR in the cytoplasm of M1 macrophage. We speculate that lnc_000048 may form stem-loop structure-specific binding and activate PKR by inducing its phosphorylation, leading to activation of STAT1 phosphorylation and thereby enhancing STAT1 pathway-mediated polarization of THP-1 macrophages to M1 and inflammatory factor expression. Taken together, these results reveal that the lnc_000048/PKR/STAT1 axis plays a crucial role in the polarization of M1 macrophages and may be a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis alleviation in stroke.

Key words: atherosclerosis, inflammation, lnc_000048, lncRNA, macrophage, polarization, protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), STAT1