中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (8): 2279-2299.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01403

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

解码分子机制:大脑衰老与阿尔茨海默病

  

  • 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2024-12-12
  • 基金资助:


Decoding molecular mechanisms: brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease

Mahnoor Hayat1 , Rafay Ali Syed2 , Hammad Qaiser3 , Mohammad Uzair4 , Khalid Al-Regaiey5 , Roaa Khallaf6 , Lubna Abdullah Mohammed Albassam7 , Imdad Kaleem8 , Xueyi Wang9, 10, Ran Wang9, 10, Mehwish S. Bhatti11, Shahid Bashir12, *   

  1. 1 Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan;  2 Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan;  3 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Islamabad, Pakistan;  4 Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia;  5 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;  6 Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;  7 Department of Mental Health, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;  8 Department of Biosciences, Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS University), Islamabad, Pakistan;   9 Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China;  10Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China;  11Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA;  12Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • Online:2025-08-15 Published:2024-12-12
  • Contact: Shahid Bashir, PhD, shahidbpk13@gmail.com.

摘要:

几个世纪以来,大脑衰老过程中复杂的形态、解剖、生理和化学机制一直是研究的热点。衰老过程会改变大脑结构,进而影响大脑功能和认知,是阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的重要风险因素。除了这些可观察到的轻微形态变化外,神经传导和神经元活动的显著功能变化也对衰老大脑产生了至关重要的影响。了解这些变化对于保持正常的认知功能非常重要,尤其是考虑到影响认知的老年相关疾病日益普遍。文章旨在探讨年龄引起的大脑可塑性和分子过程的变化,将正常衰老与阿尔茨海默病的发病机制区分开来,从而为预测痴呆症(尤其是阿尔茨海默病)的风险提供见解。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-6895 (Shahid Bashir)

Abstract: The complex morphological, anatomical, physiological, and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries. The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions, but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Beyond these observable, mild morphological shifts, significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain. Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health, especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition. This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes, differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, brain aging, cognitive health, dementia, molecular mechanisms, neuronal activity, neuroplasticity, neurotransmission