中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 1015-1030.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01462

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

胆固醇代谢: 脑出血的生理与病理机制

  

  • 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2024-06-30
  • 基金资助:
    该研究得到国家自然科学基金面上项目(82072110),苏州市科技发展计划项目(SKJY2021046),上海市法医学重点实验室暨司法部司法鉴定重点实验室开放课题(KF202201),以及江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD)等项目的支持

Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage

Ruoyu Huang# , Qiuyu Pang# , Lexin Zheng# , Jiaxi Lin, Hanxi Li, Lingbo Wan, Tao Wang*   

  1. Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2025-04-15 Published:2024-06-30
  • Contact: Tao Wang, PhD, taowang@suda.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82072110; Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, No. SKJY2021046; Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine & Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), No. KF202201; and a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) (all to TW).

摘要:

胆固醇参与许多基本生命功能,如维持细胞膜的稳定性、参与类固醇激素的合成和髓鞘形成等。研究表明患者的既往胆固醇水平与脑出血的风险及死亡率相关。更重要的是,脑出血后的继发病理变化与胆固醇代谢失调有关,如神经炎症、脱髓鞘和多种程序性细胞死亡。然而脑出血后胆固醇代谢紊乱的分子机制尚未完全阐明,脑内与胆固醇代谢和细胞死亡相关的许多分子机制仍不清楚。文章综述了细胞内胆固醇的生物合成、摄取、运输和流出,以及胆固醇稳态的调节,还探讨了胆固醇代谢与细胞死亡的关系等方面的研究进展,以期为细胞内胆固醇代谢紊乱提供新的治疗思路和靶点。通过查阅文献,作者发现胆固醇在中枢神经系统中起关键作用,且其代谢紊乱与某些脑损伤及病变相关联,同时这些疾病也可继发引起胆固醇代谢的紊乱。临床数据显示,高胆固醇是心脑血管疾病的高危因素,且脑出血后适度降低胆固醇水平的预后较好。因而,作者认为与胆固醇代谢相关的分子与通路或可作为脑出血的治疗靶点。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1424-3287 (Tao Wang)

Abstract: Cholesterol is an important component of plasma membranes and participates in many basic life functions, such as the maintenance of cell membrane stability, the synthesis of steroid hormones, and myelination. Cholesterol plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the central nervous system. The brain contains 20% of the whole body’s cholesterol, 80% of which is located within myelin. A huge number of processes (e.g., the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and liver X receptor pathway) participate in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain via mechanisms that include cholesterol biosynthesis, intracellular transport, and efflux. Certain brain injuries or diseases involving crosstalk among the processes above can affect normal cholesterol metabolism to induce detrimental consequences. Therefore, we hypothesized that cholesterol-related molecules and pathways can serve as therapeutic targets for central nervous system diseases. Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most severe hemorrhagic stroke subtype, with high mortality and morbidity. Historical cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Moreover, secondary pathological changes after intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with cholesterol metabolism dysregulation, such as neuroinflammation, demyelination, and multiple types of programmed cell death. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation in the brain has been found after intracerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we review normal cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system, the mechanisms known to participate in the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage, and the links between cholesterol metabolism and cell death. We also review several possible and constructive therapeutic targets identified based on cholesterol metabolism to provide cholesterol-based perspectives and a reference for those interested in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Key words: cell death, cholesterol metabolism, intracerebral hemorrhage, myelination, therapeutic target