中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 378-393.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01642

• 综述:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

继发于新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性的视网膜下纤维化:机制和潜在治疗目标

  

  • 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2024-06-18
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划和国家自然科学基金

Subretinal fibrosis secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets

Jingxiang Zhang1, #, Xia Sheng1, #, Quanju Ding1, #, Yujun Wang2, *, Jiwei Zhao1, *, Jingfa Zhang3, 4, *   

  1. 1 Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; 2 Department of Urology, People’s Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; 4 National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
  • Online:2025-02-15 Published:2024-06-18
  • Contact: Yujun Wang, MSc, wyj1979wyj@sina.com; Jiwei Zhao, BS, jiaonanzhaojiwei@163.com; Jingfa Zhang, MD, PhD, 13917311571@139.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China, No. 2023YFC2506100 (to JZ) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82171062 (to JZ).

摘要:

视网膜下纤维化是新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性(nAMD)的终末期后遗症,会造成光感受器、视网膜色素上皮(RPE)和脉络膜血管的局部破坏,导致 nAMD 患者永久性中心视力丧失。由于视网膜下纤维化的发病机制是十分复杂,且其根本机制大多尚在研究中,因此目前尚无有效的治疗方案。了解视网膜下纤维化的发病机制及其相关机制对于阐明这一错综复杂的并发症和探索潜在的治疗方法具有重要意义。文章从几个方面总结了视网膜下纤维化,包括 nAMD 和视网膜下纤维化、视网膜下纤维化的多模式成像技术、视网膜下纤维化相关的动物模型、视网膜下纤维化的细胞和非细胞成分、 视网膜下纤维化的病理生理机制,例如老化、巨噬细胞浸润、间充质转化为肌成纤维细胞的不同来源、补体系统和免疫细胞的激活,以及参与视网膜下纤维化发病机制的几种关键分子和信号通路,例如血管内皮生长因子、结缔组织生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子 2、血小板衍生生长因子及其受体β、转化生长因子β信号通路、Wnt 信号通路以及热休克蛋白 70-Toll 样受体 2 4-白细胞介素-10轴。文章结论有助于了解视网膜下纤维化的发病机制,找到分子靶点,并探索治疗视网膜下纤维化的潜在疗法。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9956-7194 (Yujun Wang); 

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9028-4070 (Jiwei Zhao); 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0601-4342 (Jingfa Zhang)

Abstract: Subretinal fibrosis is the end-stage sequelae of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. It causes local damage to photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroidal vessels, which leads to permanent central vision loss of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis is complex, and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Therefore, there are no effective treatment options. A thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis and its related mechanisms is important to elucidate its complications and explore potential treatments. The current article reviews several aspects of subretinal fibrosis, including the current understanding on the relationship between neovascular agerelated macular degeneration and subretinal fibrosis; multimodal imaging techniques for subretinal fibrosis; animal models for studying subretinal fibrosis; cellular and non-cellular constituents of subretinal fibrosis; pathophysiological mechanisms involved in subretinal fibrosis, such as aging, infiltration of macrophages, different sources of mesenchymal transition to myofibroblast, and activation of complement system and immune cells; and several key molecules and signaling pathways participating in the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, platelet-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and the axis of heat shock protein 70–Toll-like receptors 2/4–interleukin-10. This review will improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis, allow the discovery of molecular targets, and explore potential treatments for the management of subretinal fibrosis.

Key words: choroidal neovascularization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, submacular fibrosis, subretinal fibrosis, therapeutic targets, transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor