中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 990-1008.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01776

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

肠道微生物-星形胶质细胞轴：衰老相关认知减退新视角

  

  • 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2024-06-30

Gut microbiota–astrocyte axis: new insights into agerelated cognitive decline

Lan Zhang1, 2, #, Jingge Wei3, #, Xilei Liu4, #, Dai Li1, 2, Xiaoqi Pang3 , Fanglian Chen5, *, Hailong Cao3, *, Ping Lei1, 2, *   

  1. 1 Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; 2 Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; 3 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China; 4 Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; 5 Tianjin Neurological Institution, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
  • Online:2025-04-15 Published:2024-06-30
  • Contact: Ping Lei, PhD, leiping1974@163.com; Hailong Cao, PhD, caohailong@tmu.edu.cn; Fanglian Chen, chenfanglian1976@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Foundation, No. 22HHXBSS00047 (to PL); Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Tianjin, No. 2022BKY173 (to LZ); and Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation, No. 20201194 (to PL).

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摘要：

随着人口老龄化的迅速增加，与年龄相关的认知能力下降和痴呆越来越普遍。衰老被认为是与年龄相关的认知能力下降的主要风险因素，并可通过肠道微生物群组成、微生物代谢产物和星形胶质细胞功能的变化发挥作用。微生物群-肠脑轴一直是新兴研究的焦点，并与认知功能高度相关。文章全面综述了老年人肠道微生物群和微生物代谢产物组成的具体变化，接着讨论了衰老会诱导星形胶质细胞衰老和反应性星形胶质激活，这与衰老相关认知功能减退和神经退行性病变密切相关。此外还总结概括了肠道微生物群主要通过迷走神经、免疫反应、昼夜节律和微生物代谢产物等途径影响星形胶质细胞的功能。最后重点概括了“肠道微生物-星形胶质细胞轴”在阿尔茨海默症和帕金森病中的作用机制。文章揭示了微生物群-星形胶质细胞轴在衰老相关认知减退中的作用，这将有助于更好地掌握新型肠道微生物组辅助治疗衰老相关认知减退的方法。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8410-7715 (Ping Lei); http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-7826 (Hailong Cao); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-6974 (Fanglian Chen)

关键词: 年龄, 认知减退, 衰老, 肠道微生物群, 星形胶质细胞, 微生物代谢产物, 神经炎症, 肠脑轴, 阿尔茨海默病, 帕金森病, 痴呆

Abstract: With the rapidly aging human population, age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and the functions of astrocytes. The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function. This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to agerelated cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function, mainly through the vagus nerve, immune responses, circadian rhythms, and microbial metabolites. Finally, this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline, aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition

Key words: age, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, astrocytes, cognitive decline, dementia, gut microbiota, gut–brain axis, microbial metabolites, neuroinflammation, Parkinson’s disease