中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 1207-1216.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01815

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同种异体许旺细胞源性细胞外囊泡治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化:病例报告

  

  • 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2024-07-03

Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell–derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont1, Aisha Khan2, George Jimsheleishvili3, Patricia Graham3, Adriana Brooks3, Risset Silvera3, Alexander J.P. Goldschmidt4, Damien D. Pearse3, 5, W. Dalton Dietrich3, 5, Allan D. Levi3, 5, James D. Guest3, 5, *   

  1. 1Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 2Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 3The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 4Alzady International LLC, Miami, FL, USA; 5Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
  • Online:2025-04-15 Published:2024-07-03
  • Contact: James D. Guest, MD, PhD, Jguest@med.miami.edu.
  • Supported by:
    Financial support from the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, the Buoniconti Fund, and the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (to AK, WDD, JDG, and ADL), and the unconditional support of Dean Henri Ford of the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami. None of the funding bodies play any role in the study other than to provide funding.

摘要:

肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化患者的运动神经元功能会逐渐丧失,许旺细胞的功能也可能受损。最近有报道显示,许旺细胞源性细胞外囊泡具有重要的信号传导和潜在的营养活性。此次病例报告描述了利用连续静脉注射异体许旺细胞源性细胞外囊泡治疗严重肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化患者的过程。1 81 岁的男性患者因快速进展性肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化就诊 1.5 年。初步诊断后,患者接受了普通利鲁唑、苯丁酸钠和牛磺舒二醇联合治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化。患者自愿参加了美国食品药品管理局批准的单病种扩大治疗,每周接受一次同种异体许旺细胞源性细胞外囊泡静脉注射,以恢复受损的许旺细胞和运动神经元功能。结果显示,从肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化患者身上获得的培养许旺细胞出现了损伤(衰老),而将患者的许旺细胞暴露于从尸体捐献者身上培养扩增的异体许旺细胞源性细胞外囊泡可提高其体外生长能力。经过长达 10 周的观察(期间定期监测肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化功能评分量表(ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised)和肺功能)后,患者每周连续输注 1.54×1012,共2次,然后连续输注 7.5×1012 (共2次) 同种异体许旺细胞源性细胞外囊泡。值得注意的是,所有输注均未出现输注反应(过敏或其他)或生命体征变化等不良事件。临床实验室在每次输注前测定的血清神经丝蛋白和细胞因子水平略有不同,但无明显趋势。结果表明,同种异体许旺细胞源性细胞外囊泡可改善肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化患者 SC 和运动神经元功能,且这种方法是安全的。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-0286 (James D. Guest)

Abstract: Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons, axonal networks, and the neuromuscular junction. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, where motor neuron function is progressively lost, Schwann cell function may also be impaired. Recently, important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been reported. This case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles, marking, to our knowledge, the first instance of such treatment. An 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. After initial diagnosis, the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole, sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and taurursodiol. The patient volunteered to participate in an FDA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron function. We confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired (senescent) and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles, cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in vitro. After a period of observation lasting 10 weeks, during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored, the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54 × 1012 (×2), and then consecutive infusions of 7.5 × 1012 (×6) allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline. None of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions (allergic or otherwise) or changes in vital signs. Clinical lab serum neurofilament and cytokine levels measured prior to each infusion varied somewhat without a clear trend. A more sensitive in-house assay suggested possible inflammasome activation during the disease course. A trend for clinical stabilization was observed during the infusion period. Our study provides a novel approach to address impaired Schwann cells and possibly motor neuron function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles. Initial findings suggest that this approach is safe.

Key words: allogeneic, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, exosomes, infusion, neuromuscular junction, Schwann cell