中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (10): 2741-2757.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00531

• 综述:退行性病与再生 •    下一篇

肠眼轴:从脑神经退行性疾病到年龄相关性黄斑变性

  

  • 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-01-30

The gut–eye axis: from brain neurodegenerative diseases to age-related macular degeneration

Qianzi Jin1, 2, #, Suyu Wang1, 2, #, Yujia Yao1, 2, #, Qin Jiang1, 2, *, Keran Li1, 2, *   

  1. 1 Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;  2 The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-01-30
  • Contact: Qin Jiang, PhD, jqin710@vip.sina.com; Keran Li, PhD, kathykeran860327@126.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82171080; Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Project, No. YKK23264; and Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, Nos. JX10414151, JX10414152 (all to KL).

摘要:


年龄相关性黄斑变性是一种严重威胁视力的视网膜神经退行性疾病,其具体发病机制仍不清楚,且缺乏早期治疗方法。肠道微生物群是一个与宿主共存的大型生态系统。肠道微生物因年龄、饮食、遗传等因素而发生动态变化。肠道菌群失调可破坏微生态平衡,引起宿主免疫和代谢功能紊乱,影响多种疾病的发生发展。近些年来,许多证据证明肠道菌群也会影响消化道以外的系统,例如大脑。有研究表明,肠脑轴在脑神经退行性疾病(包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病)的发展中起着重要的作用。与中枢神经系统类似,肠眼轴在眼部疾病的发病机制中所起的作用已得到证实。此外,年龄相关性黄斑变性和许多脑神经退行性疾病有几个共同的风险因素和相似的病因。因此,肠道菌群很有可能在年龄相关性黄斑变性中发挥重要作用。此次综述旨在阐明肠脑和肠眼间的连接,评估肠道菌群和代谢物对年龄相关性黄斑变性的影响,并确定潜在的诊断标志物和治疗策略。目前,关于肠道菌群在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的作用的直接研究仍然相对较少,而对肠道菌群的单独研究不足以充分阐明其在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的功能作用。器官芯片技术在阐明肠道-眼相互作用方面有希望,通过代谢组学和其他技术将肠道菌群与代谢物结合起来对于阐明其潜在机制至关重要。


https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0541-4635 (Qin Jiang); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-3490 (Keran Li)


关键词: 致盲眼病, 神经退行性疾病, 年龄相关性黄斑变性, 肠道菌群, 肠眼轴, 代谢物, 微生态学, 膳食营养, 生物制剂, 粪便微生物移植

Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration is a serious neurodegenerative disease of the retina that significantly impacts vision. Unfortunately, the specific pathogenesis remains unclear, and effective early treatment options are consequently lacking. The microbiome is defined as a large ecosystem of microorganisms living within and coexisting with a host. The intestinal microbiome undergoes dynamic changes owing to age, diet, genetics, and other factors. Such dysregulation of the intestinal flora can disrupt the microecological balance, resulting in immunological and metabolic dysfunction in the host, and affecting the development of many diseases. In recent decades, significant evidence has indicated that the intestinal flora also influences systems outside of the digestive tract, including the brain. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated the critical role of the gut–brain axis in the development of brain neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Similarly, the role of the “gut–eye axis” has been confirmed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many ocular disorders. Moreover, age-related macular degeneration and many brain neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to share several risk factors and to exhibit comparable etiologies. As such, the intestinal flora may play an important role in age-related macular degeneration. Given the above context, the present review aims to clarify the gut–brain and gut–eye connections, assess the effect of intestinal flora and metabolites on age-related macular degeneration, and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies. Currently, direct research on the role of intestinal flora in age-related macular degeneration is still relatively limited, while studies focusing solely on intestinal flora are insufficient to fully elucidate its functional role in age-related macular degeneration. Organ-on-a-chip technology has shown promise in clarifying the gut–eye interactions, while integrating analysis of the intestinal flora with research on metabolites through metabolomics and other techniques is crucial for understanding their potential mechanisms.

Key words: age-related macular degeneration, biological agents, blinding eye disease, dietary nutrition, fecal microbial transplantation, gut–eye axis, intestinal flora, metabolite, microecology,  neurodegenerative disease