中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 368-371.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.179033

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

急性缺血性脑卒中的神经保护前景

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-12-25 出版日期:2016-03-15 发布日期:2016-03-15

Acute development of collateral circulation and therapeutic prospects in ischemic stroke

Eri Iwasawa, Masahiko Ichijo, Satoru Ishibashi, Takanori Yokota   

  1. Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
  • Received:2015-12-25 Online:2016-03-15 Published:2016-03-15
  • Contact: Satoru Ishibashi, M.D., Ph.D.,t-ishibashi.nuro@tmd.ac.jp.

摘要:

最近由于持续的血管内治疗或无静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂的成功应用,急性缺血性卒中的治疗已经进入了一个新时代。在急性缺血性脑卒中中,脑血流量很低的情况下组织还仍然能够存活,但却存在着进展为梗死组织即“缺血半暗带”的风险。重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉给药治疗和血管内治疗都可以通过再通闭塞的脑动脉挽救缺血半暗带组织。然而即使成功再通,一些患者的神经功能改善仍然效果不佳,这可能是因为半暗带已经进展到不可逆的缺血核心或因为再通治疗后发生出血性转化。
我们实验室已经在该方面集中研究侧支循环,侧支循环通过维持脑血流量而具有防止这些缺血性损伤的潜力。侧支血管包括额外颅脑路线,面部、上颌、脑膜和血管枕以及颅内路线。颅内旁支路线分为两种途径:主要途径包括Willis环,而二次途径包括预先存在的旁支路线,通常不会占据很大面积但会在急性卒中后在受损的脑血流中发展。这些次要途径包括眼动脉和软脑膜吻合硬膜动脉。我们的研究主要集中在软脑膜络。我们建议,干预和加强侧支血管的急性发展代表了治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的新机会。进一步研究需要更好地理解通过它的流体剪切应力检测机制并澄清随后的分子事件,以实现在未来更具体的有效治疗。

Abstract:

In acute ischemic stroke, collateral circulation plays an important role in maintaining blood flow to the tissue that is at risk of progressing into ischemia, and in increasing the successful recanalization rate without hemorrhagic transformation. We have reported that well-developed collateral circulation is associated with smaller infarct volume and better long-term neurological outcome, and it disappears promptly once the effective recanalization is achieved. Contrary to the belief that collateral vessels develop over time in chronic stenotic condition, there exists a phenomenon that collateral circulation develops immediately in acute stenosis or occlusion of the arteries and it seems to be triggered by fluid shear stress, which occurs between the territories of stenotic/occluded arteries and those fed by surrounding intact arteries. We believe that this acute development of collateral circulation is a target of novel therapeutics in ischemic stroke and refer our recent attempt in enhancing collateral circulation by modulating sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, which is a known shear-stress mechanosensing protein.

Key words: ischemic stroke, collateral, S1PR1, shear stress, leptomeningeal arteries, PCA laterality, hyperintensive vessels