中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 408-409.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.179043

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

硫酸类肝素酶促重塑:是系统和局部淀粉样变性疾病的治疗策略?

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-12-30 出版日期:2016-03-15 发布日期:2016-03-15
  • 基金资助:

    该项研究工作部分由科研援助B-25293006和青年科学家援助基金B-15K19488支持;由日本学术振兴和研究计划以及德岛大学德岛人工智能外来体(ITEX)支持。

Enzymatic remodeling of heparan sulfate: a therapeutic strategy for systemic and localized amyloidoses?

Kazuchika Nishitsuji, Hiroyuki Saito, Kenji Uchimura   

  1. Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences,Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (Nishitsuji K)
    Department of Molecular Physical Pharmaceutics, Institute of BiomedicalSciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (Saito H)
    Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (Uchimura K)
  • Received:2015-12-30 Online:2016-03-15 Published:2016-03-15
  • Contact: Kazuchika Nishitsuji, Ph.D., nishitsuji@tokushima-u.ac.jp.

摘要:

“淀粉样变性”是指许多组织和器官疾病中存在淀粉样蛋白沉积的不溶纤维。迄今为止,许多体内观察显,除了蛋白质原纤维淀粉样蛋白沉积物包含碳水化合物以及内外空间衍生的其它蛋白质组分。这些非淀粉样蛋白成分可能参与淀粉样变性的发病和病理发展,如淀粉样蛋白形成和淀粉样蛋白诱导的组织损伤。在20世纪80年代,研究人员发现了糖胺聚糖与组织淀粉样蛋白沉积有关。他们确定了糖胺聚糖是一种硫酸类肝素,是硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖和糖胺聚糖家族的成员之一。硫酸类肝素与不同类型的淀粉样蛋白变性疾病相关联。文章讨论了淀粉样变性的发病机制、病理进展以及硫酸类肝素和高硫酸化的可能作用。HSulf-1和HSulf-2降解RB4CD12表位已经积累在阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的淀粉样蛋白斑之中。HSulf-1和HSulf-2也干扰了载脂蛋白A-I原纤维的细胞相互作用和细胞毒性。离体研究表明,RB4CD12表位降解后淀粉样蛋白斑被保留,这些结果表明了一种新颖的概念,硫酸类肝素酶促重塑可以是系统性和局部淀粉样变性疾病的治疗策略。

Abstract:

The term “amyloidosis” today refers to diseases in which amyloidogenic proteins deposit as insoluble fibrils in many tissues and organs. Thus far, many in vivo observations revealed that amyloid deposits contain, besides protein fibrils, carbohydrate and other protein components derived from intra- and extracellular spaces. These non-amyloid components may be involved in the pathogenesis and pathology of amyloidosis, such as amyloid formation and amyloid-induced tissue damage. In the 1980s, Snow and Kisilevsky found that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were associated with tissue amyloid deposits. They identified the GAG as heparan sulfate (HS), which is a component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and a member of the GAG family. HS is now known to be associated with different types of amyloid in systemic and localized amyloidoses. From this perspective, we will discuss here the possible roles of HS and its highly sulfated domains in the pathogenesis and pathology of amyloidosis. As described above, HSulf-1 and HSulf-2 degraded RB4CD12 epitopes that had accumulated in amyloid plaques of AD modelmice. HSulf-1 and HSulf-2 also interfered with the cellular interaction and cytotoxicity of apoA-I fibrils. An ex vivo study showed that amyloid plaques were retained after degradation of RB4CD12 epitopes, so whether these “post-treated” amyloid plaques areunstable or vulnerable to proteolytic degradation and/or microglial clearance requires clarification. These results suggest a novel concept that enzymatic remodeling of HS may be a therapeutic strategy for systemic and localized amyloidoses. We previously showed that sulfate moieties of HS affected cytotoxicity and degradation of amyloid or amyloidogenic proteins by regulating their cellular interactions. Additional studies to elucidate the roles of highly sulfated domains of HS in amyloid formation, interaction of amyloid with cells in various tissues and organs, and subsequent cytotoxicity or degradation are ongoing.