中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (3): 376-379.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.202930

• 综述:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

视网膜环境和感光类型对功能感光再生的影响

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-03-02 出版日期:2017-03-15 发布日期:2017-03-15
  • 基金资助:

    本文作者Michèle G. DuVal的医学博士/博士学位助学金资金赞助来自阿尔伯塔健康创新解决方案事务所和加拿大健康研究院;W. Ted Allison的操作基金来自于加拿大自然科学与工程研究委员会

Impacts of the retinal environment and photoreceptor type on functional regeneration

Michèle G. DuVal1, W. Ted Allison1, 2   

  1. 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 2 Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
  • Received:2017-03-02 Online:2017-03-15 Published:2017-03-15
  • Contact: W. Ted Allison, Ph.D.,ted.allison@ualberta.ca.
  • Supported by:

    Grant support included MD/PhD studentships to MGD from Alberta Innovates Health Solutions and Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and operating funds to WTA were a Discovery Accelerator Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

摘要:

视网膜退变造成的视力丧失已经越来越普遍,但目前还无法治愈。本文认为对于视力恢复,黄斑是一个重要靶标 - 它是人类和其他灵长类动物视网膜包含锥体的区域,负责白日视觉、高锐度和色觉。因此,治疗的最终目标是恢复或保留黄斑的功能,这不仅需要足够数量的锥形感光细胞,还要使其在这种独特的视网膜环境中存活,整合并发挥功能。因此,在视力疾病建模,再生和恢复功能中,必须更加重视以下因素,1)视网膜周围环境,和2)光感受器类型的作用,特别是关注锥体和锥形子类型。文章提议,多样化的视觉模型可以是对现有视觉模型的有力补充。特别是斑马鱼视网膜可以模仿黄斑,因为它包含一个密集,但均匀分布的锥体。斑马鱼具有多种其余优点,例如持久的眼部发育,遗传工具和损伤后的强大的视觉再生能力。

ORCID:0000-0002-8461-4864(W. Ted Allison)

Abstract:

Retinal regeneration is a promising central nervous system (CNS) target amongst the various stem cell therapy pursuits, due to its accessibility for manipulation and its disposition towards longitudinal monitoring of treatment safety and efficacy. We offer our perspective on current hurdles towards functional regeneration of cone photoreceptors. Cones are key: For patients suffering vision loss, cone photoreceptors are a required cellular component to restoring daytime vision, colour vision, and high acuity vision. The challenges of regenerating cones contrast with logistic challenges of regenerating rod photoreceptors, which underlines the importance of evaluating context in degeneration and regeneration studies. Foundational research is required to delineate the factors required to generate a diversity of cones in the human macula, and to coax both remaining and newly regenerating cones to rewire towards restoring daytime colour vision. A complex interplay between cell-intrinsic factors and the retinal environment determine both the specification
of cone fates and the synaptic plasticity enabling their functional integration. Recent revelations that cellular materials are transferred amongst photoreceptor progenitors further emphasize the critical role of neighbouring cells in directing stem cell fates. From our vantage point, translation of stem cell therapies to restore the cone-rich human macula must be borne upon foundational research in cone-rich retinas. Research frameworks centered on patient outcomes should prioritize animal models and functional outputs that enable and report functional restoration of cone-mediated vision.

Key words: zebrafish, synaptic plasticity, horizontal cells, material transfer, vision, neural development