中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (12): 2399-2400.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.313028

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

Netrin-1安排髓磷脂中的线粒体运动、形态和代谢

  

  • 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-05-14

Netrin-1 marshals mitochondrial movement, morphology, and metabolism in myelin

Diane S. Nakamura, Timothy E. Kennedy*   

  1. Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  • Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-05-14
  • Contact: Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grants from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (No. 3009 to TEK and No. 2407 to DSN).

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摘要：

Neural Regen Res：线粒体这样大型细胞器能否穿过髓鞘细胞质的狭窄通道?

    最近的研究显示，在非致密髓鞘的多个腔室中有非常小的线粒体，包括副节环、内部舌和髓鞘的胞浆交叉。那么这些线粒体可以穿过髓鞘的狭窄细胞质通道吗？

来自加拿大麦吉尔大学的Timothy E. Kennedy团队发现少树突细胞线粒体可以通过胞质通道快速迁移，而胞质通道比线粒体本身要窄得多。这些通道灵活、快速的调节细胞器在少突胶质细胞髓鞘的运输；然而，迁移的机制尚不清楚。在原代细胞培养中，少突胶质细胞线粒体向netrin-1信号位点迁移，并停留在netrin-1涂层的粘附位点。研究者检测到netrin-1包被的珠子富集了驱动素和动力素运动蛋白，这表明netrin-1信号在线粒体运输中起到一定作用。穿过髓鞘的细胞质通道在成熟时关闭，但可以通过增加PIP3水平而重新打开。而Netrin-1激活产生PIP3所需神经元的PI3激酶，增加了Netrin-1通过打开髓鞘的细胞质通道来促进少突胶质细胞的线粒体转运的可能性。

文章在《中国神经再生研究（英文版）》杂志2021年12月12期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-5080(Timothy E. Kennedy)

Abstract: Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that ensheath nearby axons to support action potential propagation and axon metabolism. Myelination involves the rapid production of lipid-rich membrane, compaction of the multilamellar myelin sheath, and the resultant restriction of cytoplasm to non-compact compartments. During myelination, septate-like junctions form between the axon and lateral cytoplasmic endings of the myelin sheath at a specialized domain called the paranode (Figure 1A). Cytoplasm-filled loops at the paranode (hereon referred to as paranodal loops) host a network of organelles, but their regulation and function are poorly understood. Until recently, it was not at all clear how molecules from the oligodendrocyte cell body were transported across the compacted layers of the myelin sheath to access the cytoplasmic growing edge. In 2014, cytoplasmic channels that traverse the compact myelin sheath were identified in the CNS (Snaidero et al., 2014), opening the door to investigate the function and regulation of the organelles contained within these specialized cytoplasmic compartments. Further, it was shown that active mitochondria in non-compact myelin contribute to the generation of calcium transients that appear to regulate internode remodeling (Battefeld et al., 2019), supporting a functional link between mitochondria and myelin remodeling.