中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (9): 1971-1972.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.335152

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

早期生活应激引起的神经炎症和神经疾病:研究新视角

  

  • 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2022-03-05

Early life stress-induced neuroinflammation and neurological disorders: a novel perspective for research

Clarissa Catale, Valeria Carola*, Maria Teresa Viscomi*#br#   

  1. Division of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (Catale C, Carola V)
    Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Carola V)
    Department of Life Science and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy (Viscomi MT)
  • Online:2022-09-15 Published:2022-03-05
  • Contact: Valeria Carola, PhD, valeria.carola@uniroma1.it; Maria Teresa Viscomi, PhD, mariateresa.viscomi@unicatt.it.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health, Young Researcher Grant, No. GR-2009-1576820 (to VC) and by Linea D.1. 2019 Università Cattolica del S. Cuore (to MTV).

摘要: 早期生活压力恶化了神经系统疾病的病因和进展
早期生活中的逆境,以贫困、压力和虐待的形式出现,与晚年认知功能下降和痴呆症有关。最新临床前数据表明,早期生活压力可能会增加阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病以及创伤性脑损伤等神经系统疾病的风险并恶化其病程。一种可能的候选介质是免疫系统。早期生活压力对炎症和免疫系统反应性具有终生影响。临床研究描绘了一种特定的“免疫表型”,它表征了暴露于童年虐待的人的血液,包括持续的低度炎症、加速的免疫衰老,以及可能的细胞免疫受损。这些免疫变化与童年虐待个体对精神和神经系统疾病的易感性有关,因为免疫过程和神经免疫通讯对于中枢神经系统的发育和正常功能至关重要。早期生活压力会永久性地重编程先天免疫细胞和/或应激系统,即调节免疫反应的交感神经系统和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,导致过度炎症反应。早期生活压力可能通过改变影响和调节大脑成熟的免疫途径,特别是小胶质细胞,从而促进神经系统疾病。在受到虐待的个体中,异常的神经元功能和突触可塑性可能会导致过早衰老,并在受神经退行性疾病和损伤影响的回路中容易受到伤害。  
来自意大利IRCCS 圣卢西亚基金会的Maria Teresa Viscomi认为,研究早期生活压力、免疫系统和神经变性/创伤性脑损伤之间的相互作用很困难,需要技术工具和受控操作,而目前只能通过使用动物模型才能实现。人类研究受到潜在混杂因素的严重限制,其影响难以检测和分析,但可以深刻影响对早期压力的反应,例如遗传学、基因-环境相互作用、暴露于逆境的发育时间以及不同类型压力的组合。这些变量可以在动物研究中得到控制,因为不同的早期生活压力对小胶质细胞结果和神经发育有不同的影响。尽管如此,需要更多的临床研究专门关注虐待对神经系统疾病易感性的影响,以便为可能的脆弱亚群开发量身定制的更有效的治疗方法。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-1454 (Valeria Carola); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-4967 (Maria Teresa Viscomi)  

Abstract: Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been consistently linked with numerous detrimental outcomes concerning physical and psychological health. However, few studies have explored vulnerability to neurological disorders after CM. Early life adversity, in the form of poverty, stress and abuse, has been associated with decline in cognitive function and dementia later in life (Short and Baram, 2019). Robust preclinical data suggest that early life stress (ELS) may increase the risk and worsen the course of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Lesuis et al., 2018; Short and Baram, 2019; He et al., 2020; Catale et al., 2021; Sanchez et al., 2021).