中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 998-1005.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.385281

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

调节线粒体自噬:治疗神经退行性疾病的重要手段?

  

  • 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2023-10-31

Mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis

Kan Yang1, 2, 3, *, #, Yuqing Yan4, #, Anni Yu3, Ru Zhang3, Yuefang Zhang5, Zilong Qiu5, Zhengyi Li6, Qianlong Zhang1, *, Shihao Wu4, *, Fei Li1, *#br#   

  1. 1Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; 2Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; 3College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China; 4School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; 5Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; 6Neurosurgery Department, Kunming Yenan Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
  • Online:2024-05-15 Published:2023-10-31
  • Contact: Kan Yang, PhD, kanyang.dhu@foxmail.com (leading contact); Shihao Wu, PhD, brad-315@163.com; Qianlong Zhang, MD, zhangql7989@163.com; Fei Li, PhD, feili@shsmu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82001211 (to KY), 82101241 (to SW), and 82125032 (to FL).

摘要:

线粒体作为细胞的能量工厂,在神经元的整个生命活动中扮演者重要角色。线粒体自噬是一个通过自噬机制选择性清除受损或功能失调的线粒体的过程,其功能是维持线粒体的稳态。由于成熟的神经元不能再进行分裂分化和具有高能量需求,其需要高效的线粒体自噬周转来清除受损或功能失调的线粒体。越来越多的研究表明线粒体自噬在神经系统疾病的发病机制中发挥着重要作用,但线粒体自噬过程中所涉及到的分子是否能成为潜在的治疗靶点仍需要不断研究探索。文章讨论了非选择性自噬和选择性自噬(ERphagy、Aggrephagy和Mitophagy)的过程和特点;介绍了两种线粒体自噬途径(Parkin依赖和非依赖型)的详细机制;总结了线粒体自噬在神经疾病(阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和肌萎缩侧索硬化)发病机制中的关键作用及治疗靶点,并讨论了线粒体自噬作为抵抗神经系统疾病的潜在治疗靶点的可能性,为神经系统疾病治疗难题提供了一个新的选择。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1563-1406 (Kan Yang); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3360-1633 (Shihao Wu); 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-9467 (Qianlong Zhang); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-9638 (Fei Li)

Abstract: Mitochondria are critical cellular energy resources and are central to the life of the neuron. Mitophagy selectively clears damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagic machinery to maintain mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Mature neurons are postmitotic and consume substantial energy, thus require highly efficient mitophagy pathways to turn over damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Recent evidence indicates that mitophagy is pivotal to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. However, more work is needed to study mitophagy pathway components as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of nonselective autophagy and selective autophagy, including ERphagy, aggrephagy, and mitophagy. We then introduce the mechanisms of Parkin-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways under physiological conditions. Next, we summarize the diverse repertoire of mitochondrial membrane receptors and phospholipids that mediate mitophagy. Importantly, we review the critical role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Last, we discuss recent studies considering mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Together, our review may provide novel views to better understand the roles of mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autophagy, mitochondria, mitophagy, mitophagy receptor, Parkin, Parkinson’s disease, PINK1