中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (8): 3439-3448.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00440

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

肌萎缩侧索硬化症中的TDP-43–免疫–微生物轴:潜在的致病机制

  

  • 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-04-25

TDP-43–Immunity–Microbiota Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Potential Pathogenic Mechanism

Yasmine Abbassi1, Dorian Fink1, Francesco Cei1, Elena Niccolai1, 2, Amedeo Amedei1, 2, 3, *   

  1. 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 
    2Laboratorio Congiunto MIA-LAB (Microbiome-Immunity Axis Research for a Circular Health), University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 
    3Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Florence, Italy
  • Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-04-25
  • Contact: Amedeo Amedei, amedeo.amedei@unifi.it.

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-9343 (Amedeo Amedei)

Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease marked by progressive motor neuron degeneration. Despite extensive research, effective treatments remain elusive, underscoring the need to explore the molecular mechanisms driving disease progression. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis complexity is further compounded by its large heterogeneity, encompassing both genetic and sporadic forms, diverse phenotypic presentations, and highly variable progression rates. A key pathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43, which contributes to cellular toxicity, neuroinflammation, and neuronal dysfunction. This review explores the complex interplay between TAR DNA-binding protein 43 pathology, immunity dysregulation, and the gut-brain axis, with a focus on the role of microbiome-derived metabolites in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroinflammation, mediated by both innate and adaptive immunity, plays a central role in disease pathogenesis, with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 influencing immune signaling and exacerbating neurotoxicity. Additionally, disruptions in gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier integrity, frequently observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, suggest a potential role for the gut-brain axis in modulating neurodegenerative processes. By integrating evidence from emerging studies, our aim is to clarify how TAR DNA-binding protein 43 aggregation contributes to neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction while exploring the gut microbiota role as both a modulator and potential biomarker of disease. Understanding these interactions could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies, including microbiome-targeted interventions such as probiotics, dietary modifications, or immune-modulating therapies. Finally, unraveling the TAR DNA-binding protein 43–immune system–microbiome axis may offer new avenues for personalized treatments aimed at mitigating neuroinflammation, slowing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression, and improving patient outcomes and life quality.

Key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, immunity, microbiome, neuroinflammation, short-chain fatty acids, TAR DNA-binding protein 43