中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (8): 3553-3554.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00592

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

缺血性脑损伤能量代谢的治疗调节

  

  • 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-04-25

Therapeutic modulation of energy metabolism in ischemic brain injury

Egor Y. Plotnikov*, Nadezda V. Andrianova   

  1. A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
  • Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-04-25
  • About author:Egor Y. Plotnikov, PhD, plotnikov@belozersky.msu.ru.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant 24-75-10013 (to NVA).

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2838-3704 (Egor Y. Plotnikov)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-4575 (Nadezda V. Andrianova)

Abstract: Acute cerebral ischemia caused by stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), or systemic acute conditions such as hemorrhagic shock, cardiac arrest, or disseminated intravascular coagulation results in an energy crisis in local sites or the whole brain. The disruption of cerebral blood flow deprives the brain cells of oxygen and glucose, the essential substrates for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. As a result, oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria fails, forcing cells to rely on anaerobic glycolysis (He et al., 2020). Although this compensatory mechanism maintains short-term energy production under hypoxic conditions, overall ATP production is significantly reduced. Neurons, which are highly susceptible to ischemic injury, deplete their ATP stores faster than glial cells (e.g., astrocytes), which have some energy reserves. This energy deficit disrupts ion pump activity, impairs membrane potential homeostasis, and triggers a cascade of pathologic events, including excessive release of excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate) and intracellular Ca²⁺ overload that initiates neuronal death. At the same time, impaired mitochondrial metabolism exacerbates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases oxidative stress (Yang et al., 2018). Under hypoxic conditions, glycolysis is upregulated but cannot balance the brain’s energy needs and promotes lactic acid accumulation and tissue acidosis. Lactic acidosis in combination with dysregulation of ion concentrations (e.g., imbalance of H⁺, Na⁺, and Ca²⁺) further injures neuronal excitability and exacerbates cell damage.