中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (9): 1368-1371.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.191194

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

选择性神经元磷酸酶和张力同源基因缺失:对轴突再生能够放松生长刹车又不失控吗?

  

  • 收稿日期:2016-06-25 出版日期:2016-09-30 发布日期:2016-09-30

Regeneration-associated macrophages: a novel approach to boost intrinsic regenerative capacity for axon regeneration

Min Jung Kwon1, 3, Hyuk Jun Yoon1, 3, Byung Gon Kim1, 2, 3, *   

  1. 1 Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea 3 Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  • Received:2016-06-25 Online:2016-09-30 Published:2016-09-30
  • Contact: Byung Gon Kim, M.D., Ph.D., kimbg@ajou.ac.kr.

摘要:

中枢神经系统中的轴突在损伤后不会自发再生,例如脑卒中和创伤性脊髓损伤。内在和外在因素都是造成再生障碍的原因。尽管我们已经对外源性再生抑制剂进行了大量研究,但是胶质抑制剂对体内再生失败造成影响的程度仍就难以捉摸。最近的实验证据重新引发了研究人员对调节成年哺乳动物再生能力内在因素的兴趣。在这篇文章中,我们提出激活巨噬细胞与pro再生分子签名可能是促进中枢神经系统神经元内在再生能力的一个新途径。使用调理损伤模型,外周分支损伤后,其中背根神经节感觉神经的中心分支再生增强,我们已经证明,围绕背根神经节神经元的神经周围巨噬细胞积极参与提高再生能力。神经元衍生趋化因子配体2(CCL2)或许介导神经元巨噬细胞相互作用传达损伤信号,而神经元巨噬细胞采取单独的pro再生表型,这就是我们指定的再生相关巨噬细胞。控制CCL2信号可以提高模拟调理损伤的再生潜能,这表明趋化因子介导的再生相关巨噬细胞激活可以用作中枢神经系统损伤的再生治疗策略。

orcid: 0000-0003-2233-9569 (Byung Gon Kim)

Abstract: Axons in central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate spontaneously after injuries such as stroke and traumatic spinal cord injury. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are responsible for the regeneration failure. Although intensive research efforts have been invested on extrinsic regeneration inhibitors, the extent to which glial inhibitors contribute to the regeneration failure in vivo still remains elusive. Recent experimental evidence has rekindled interests in intrinsic factors for the regulation of regeneration capacity in adult mammals. In this review, we propose that activating macrophages with pro-regenerative molecular signatures could be a novel approach for boosting intrinsic regenerative capacity of CNS neurons. Using a conditioning injury model in which regeneration of central branches of dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons is enhanced by a preceding injury to the peripheral branches, we have demonstrated that perineuronal macrophages surrounding dorsal root ganglia neurons are critically involved in the maintenance of enhanced regeneration capacity. Neuron-derived chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) seems to mediate neuron-macrophage interactions conveying injury signals to perineuronal macrophages taking on a soley pro-regenerative phenotype, which we designate as regeneration-associated macrophages (RAMs). Manipulation of the CCL2 signaling could boost regeneration potential mimicking the conditioning injury, suggesting that the chemokine-mediated RAM activation could be utilized as a regenerative therapeutic strategy for CNS injuries.

Key words: axon regeneration, conditioning injury, neuron-macrophage interaction, regeneration-associated macrophage, cAMP, CCL2, M2 polarization, spinal cord injury