中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (8): 1657-1665.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.363819

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞来源的外泌体调节小胶质细胞表型:有希望治疗急性中枢神经系统损伤的方法

  

  • 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-02-16

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes regulate microglia phenotypes: a promising treatment for acute central nervous system injury

Yu-Yan Liu1, 2, #, Yun Li1, 2, #, Lu Wang1, 2, #, Yan Zhao2, Rui Yuan1, 2, Meng-Meng Yang1, 2, Ying Chen3, Hao Zhang3, Fei-Hu Zhou1, 2, Zhi-Rong Qian3, Hong-Jun Kang1, 2, *#br#   

  1. 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; 2Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; 3Beidou Precision Medicine Insititute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-02-16
  • Contact: Hong-Jun Kang, PhD, doctorkang301@163.com.

摘要:

急性中枢神经系统损伤最终会导致不可逆的神经功能障碍,其中小胶质细胞所引起的炎症反应失调在早期神经炎症中发挥了不容忽视的作用。间充质干细胞(MSCs)由于其方便获取、来源广、数量多、免疫原性低且不受伦理限制等诸多优势,逐渐成为近年来神经领域研究的热点。而随着研究的深入,人们发现MSCs进入体内后主要是通过分泌外泌体(Exos)来发挥调节作用。间充质干细胞来源的外泌体(MSC-Exos)可透过血脑屏障,并将MSCs的活性成分(如蛋白、核酸等)输送至中枢神经系统损伤区域,发挥治疗作用。同时,Exos可最大程度的规避机体发生的免疫排斥反应,减少引发感染、脑血栓等多种疾病的风险。文章通过对急性中枢神经系统损伤时小胶质细胞表型转化进行总结,发现神经保护性小胶质细胞在促进神经损伤修复和减轻神经炎症方面有突出作用;同时,文章还总结了与MSC-Exos调节小胶质细胞表型转换相关的多种细胞、动物实验及临床试验,并归纳了其可能的作用机制。另外,文章提出MSC-Exos作为中枢神经系统的药物治疗策略,在未来有广阔的应用前景。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-9082 (Hong-Jun Kang)

Abstract: There is growing evidence that long-term central nervous system (CNS) inflammation exacerbates secondary deterioration of brain structures and functions and is one of the major determinants of disease outcome and progression. In acute CNS injury, brain microglia are among the first cells to respond and play a critical role in neural repair and regeneration. However, microglial activation can also impede CNS repair and amplify tissue damage, and phenotypic transformation may be responsible for this dual role. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (Exos) are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of acute CNS injuries due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. MSC-Exos are nanoscale membrane vesicles that are actively released by cells and are used clinically as circulating biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. MSC-Exos can be neuroprotective in several acute CNS models, including for stroke and traumatic brain injury, showing great clinical potential. This review summarized the classification of acute CNS injury disorders and discussed the prominent role of microglial activation in acute CNS inflammation and the specific role of MSC-Exos in regulating pro-inflammatory microglia in neuroinflammatory repair following acute CNS injury. Finally, this review explored the potential mechanisms and factors associated with MSC-Exos in modulating the phenotypic balance of microglia, focusing on the interplay between CNS inflammation, the brain, and injury aspects, with an emphasis on potential strategies and therapeutic interventions for improving functional recovery from early CNS inflammation caused by acute CNS injury.

Key words: acute CNS injury, central nervous system inflammation, exosome, immune regulation, mesenchymal stem cell, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), microglia activation, microglia phenotypic transformation, molecular mechanism, neuroinflammation