中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (8): 1645-1646.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.389642

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

阿尔茨海默病蛋白质稳态的改变:超越内质网应激和未折叠蛋白质反应的Procrustean床

  

  • 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-01-03

Alterations of protein homeostasis in Alzheimer’s disease: beyond Procrustean bed of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response

Dmitry Lim*, Alexei Verkhratsky*   

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Novara, Italy (Lim D) 
    Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain & Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China (Verkhratsky A)
  • Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-01-03
  • Contact: Dmitry Lim, MD, PhD, dmitry.lim@uniupo.it; Alexej Verkhratsky, DSc, PhD, Alexej.Verkhratsky@manchester.ac.uk.
  • Supported by:
    This work had the following financial support: grant FAR-2019 to DL from The Università del Piemonte Orientale.

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4316-2654 (Dmitry Lim)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2592-9898 (Alexej Verkhratsky)

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major age-related form of dementia with a number of cases exponentially growing, causing enormous social and economic impact on individuals and society. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD, evident in postmortem AD brains, include a massive loss of the grey matter in the neocortex, extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the form of senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy, and intra-neuronal accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, formed by hyper-phosphorylated tau protein. The (most popular) Aβ cascade hypothesis posits the causal role of the aberrant processing of amyloid precursor protein, leading to the release and accumulation of Aβ. This hypothesis stems (possibly erroneously) from the presumed similarity of sporadic AD to inherited, rare familial AD form, triggered by mutations in amyloid precursor protein itself and presenilins 1 and 2 that form a catalytic core of the amyloid precursor protein processing protease γ-secretase. For a long time Aβ cascade hypothesis guided drug development studies and clinical trials in AD field. However, the failure of clinical trials of potential anti-AD drugs reflects a much higher complexity of AD pathogenesis. The main conceptual achievement of the last three decades in AD research has been the understanding that the cellular and biochemical abnormalities precede, by several decades, the emergence of clinical symptoms, indicating that the onset of AD occurs at the youth/middle age of potential AD patients (Selkoe and Hardy, 2016). This highlights the preclinical and prodromal stages as the major window of opportunity for disease-modifying therapy (Figure 1).