中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 1705-1706.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00379

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

衰老诱导的记忆丧失是由于海马中褪黑激素代谢产物N1-乙酰基-5-甲氧基犬尿胺减少所致:一种潜在的痴呆预防剂

  

  • 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2024-11-12

Aging-induced memory loss due to decreased N1-acetyl-5- methoxykynuramine, a melatonin metabolite, in the hippocampus: a potential prophylactic agent for dementia

Kazuki Watanabe* , Atsuhiko Hattori*   

  1. Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (Watanabe K) Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan (Hattori A)
  • Online:2025-06-15 Published:2024-11-12
  • Contact: Kazuki Watanabe, PhD, kazuki.watanabe.b7@tohoku.ac.jp; Atsuhiko Hattori, PhD, ahattori1005@rikkyo.ac.jp.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP22K11823 to AH and JP22J01508 to KW.

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-4358 (Kazuki Watanabe) https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4961-3129 (Atsuhiko Hattori)

Abstract: Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock. The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland, but is ubiquitous among invertebrates, unicellular organisms, plants, and even cyanobacteria (Hattori and Suzuki, 2024). Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions, such as immune response, bone and glucose metabolism, and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm. In mammals, G-protein–linked melatonin membrane receptors are present in the brain, retina, spleen, spinal cord, intestine, kidney, prostate, ovary, skin, muscle, and liver. Nuclear receptors are also present in many mammalian tissues, implying the widespread physiological actions of melatonin via receptors. Moreover, melatonin has established functions as an endogenous free radical scavenger and as a broad-spectrum antioxidant (Galano and Reiter, 2018). Altogether, these findings demonstrate that melatonin has diverse physiological functions, which are thought to be supported by evolutionary relationships. Furthermore, melatonin metabolites have been observed to have several functions similar to those of melatonin. Melatonin metabolites, including 3-hydroxymelatonin, 2-hydroxymelatonin, N1- acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK), or N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), have been detected among species. In this perspective, we introduce the function of melatonin metabolites, notably focusing on the memory formation–related function of AMK.