中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (9): 2520-2537.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00355

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

大脑内糖皮质激素受体信号传导参与认知功能的作用

  

  • 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2024-12-27

Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the brain and its involvement in cognitive function

Chonglin Su, Taiqi Huang, Meiyu Zhang, Yanyu Zhang, Yan Zeng* , Xingxing Chen*   

  1. Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
  • Online:2025-09-15 Published:2024-12-27
  • Contact: Xingxing Chen, PhD, chenxingxing80@aliyun.com; Yan Zeng, PhD, zengyan68@wust.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82371444 (to YZ); the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, No. 2022CFB216 (to XC); the Key Research Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China, No. 2022ZD021160 (to YZ).

摘要:

下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴可调节糖皮质激素的分泌,以应对生活环境的挑战。在大脑中,核受体转录因子,即糖皮质激素受体,是下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴负反馈回路的重要组成部分,也在调节认知平衡和神经可塑性方面发挥着关键的作用。此外,糖皮质激素受体的基因组和非基因组作用有助于塑造认知神经过程,如激活谷氨酸神经传递、钙信号转导和激活脑源性神经营养因子介导的通路影响认知神经过程。中枢神经系统内的蛋白质相互作用会改变糖皮质激素受体的表达和活性,从而影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和与压力相关的认知功能。适度水平的糖皮质激素可改善认知功能,而过高的糖皮质激素水平或长期暴露于糖皮质激素则可能会产生有害影响。阿尔茨海默病、衰老、抑郁、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、脑卒中和成瘾等与认知功能障碍有关的疾病,通常会出现下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和糖皮质激素受体的失调。此次综述全面概述了糖皮质激素受体在下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和认知活动中的功能及其在认知障碍中的参与,并提出适当的糖皮质激素受体信号有助于学习和记忆,而其失调则可导致认知障碍,从而为靶向糖皮质激素受体信号以克服认知障碍相关障碍提供线索。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-7768 (Xingxing Chen)

关键词: 脑源性神经营养因子,  钙信号传导,  糖皮质激素,  糖皮质激素受体,  谷氨酸传递,  下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,  长时程增强,  神经认知障碍,  神经可塑性,  应激

Abstract: The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucocorticoids in response to environmental challenges. In the brain, a nuclear receptor transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor, is an important component of the hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenal axis’s negative feedback loop and plays a key role in regulating cognitive equilibrium and neuroplasticity. The glucocorticoid receptor influences cognitive processes, including glutamate neurotransmission, calcium signaling, and the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor–mediated pathways, through a combination of genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Protein interactions within the central nervous system can alter the expression and activity of the glucocorticoid receptor, thereby affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and stress-related cognitive functions. An appropriate level of glucocorticoid receptor expression can improve cognitive function, while excessive glucocorticoid receptors or long-term exposure to glucocorticoids may lead to cognitive impairment. Patients with cognitive impairment–associated diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, aging, depression, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, stroke, and addiction, often present with dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and glucocorticoid receptor expression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the functions of the glucocorticoid receptor in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and cognitive activities. It emphasizes that appropriate glucocorticoid receptor signaling facilitates learning and memory, while its dysregulation can lead to cognitive impairment. This provides clues about how glucocorticoid receptor signaling can be targeted to overcome cognitive disability-related disorders.

Key words: brain-derived neurotrophic factor,  calcium signaling,  glucocorticoid receptor,   glucocorticoid,  glutamate transmission,  hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,  long-term potentiation,  neurocognitive disorders,  neuroplasticity,  stress