中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 635-637.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.295272

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

小胶质细胞和外周巨噬细胞在发育和神经炎症过程中的表型趋同为新的治疗前景铺平了道路

  

  • 出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2020-12-21

The phenotypic convergence between microglia and peripheral macrophages during development and neuroinflammation paves the way for new therapeutic perspectives

Francesca Grassivaro1, Gianvito Martino1, 2, *, Cinthia Farina1, *   

  1. 1 Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;  2 Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
  • Online:2021-04-15 Published:2020-12-21
  • Contact: Gianvito Martino, MD, PhD, martino.gianvito@hsr.it; Cinthia Farina, PhD, farina.cinthia@hsr.it.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by Merk-Serono, TargetBrain (EU Framework 7 Project, No. HEALTH-F2–2012-279017 to GM), Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (FISM, No. grant 2016/R/14 to CF), and cofinanced with the 5 per mille public funding.

摘要:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3194-4122 (Francesca Grassivaro); 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-9131 (Gianvito Martino); 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-9676 (Cinthia Farina) 

Abstract: Microglia, the tissue resident macrophages of the brain, are increasingly recognized as key players for central nervous system development and homeostasis. They are long-lived cells deriving from a transient wave of yolk-sac derived erythro-myeloid progenitors early in development. Their unique ontology has prompted the search for specific markers to be used for their selective investigation and manipulation. The first generation of genome-wide expression studies has provided a bundle of transcripts (such as Olfml3, Fcrls, Tmem119, P2ry12, Gpr34, and Siglech) useful to distinguish microglia from peripheral macrophages. However, more recent reports have revealed that microglial phenotype is constantly shaped by the microenvironment in a time-, and context-dependent manner. In this article, we review data that provide additional pieces to this complex scenario and show the existence of unexpected phenotypic convergence between microglia and peripheral macrophages at certain developmental stages and under pathological conditions. These observations suggest that the two cell types act synergically boosting their mutual activities depending on the microenvironment. This novel information about the biology of microglia and peripheral macrophages sheds new light about their therapeutic potential for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.

Key words: cell reprogramming, cell therapy, macrophages, microglia, neuroinflammation, plasticity