中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (9): 1807-1812.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.306088

• 原著:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

他汀类药物是否能降低接受全身溶栓治疗的卒中患者的死亡率?5年单中心研究

  

  • 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-02-05

Do statins reduce the mortality rate in stroke patients treated with systemic thrombolysis in a 5-year single-center study?

Toralf Brüning*, Mohamed Al-Khaled   

  1. Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
  • Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-02-05
  • Contact: Toralf Brüning, MD, Toralf.bruening@neuro.uni-luebeck.de.

摘要:

他汀类药物在改善缺血性脑卒中临床结局方面的作用尚无定论。为分析降胆固醇他汀类药物的预处理或重新调整与静脉内全身溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者死亡率之间的关系,研究纳入从2008年10月开始在德国吕贝克校区石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因大学医院神经科接受重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉系统溶栓治疗的542例急性缺血性卒中患者。收集病例资料的时间为5年。主要结局是在住院和出院后3个月进行了2次评估的死亡率。次要结局是症状性脑出血的发生率。在接受检查的542例急性缺血性卒中患者(平均年龄72±13岁;女性占51%,平均NIHSS评分11分)中,有138例患者(25.5%)已接受他汀类药物的预治疗,而在190例患者(35.1%)在住院期间开始接受他汀类药物治疗,而193名(35.6%)从未接受他汀类药物。接受他汀类药物预治疗的患者年龄较大,以前有动脉高血压、糖尿病和脑梗死病史。接受他汀类药物预处理的患者与刚接受他汀类药物治疗的患者的3个月死亡率无明显差异(7.6% vs. 8%P = 0.9),而接受他汀类药物治疗的患者的住院死亡率(6.6% vs. 17.0%P = 0.005)和3个月死亡率(10.7% vs. 23.7%P = 0.005)较未接受过他汀类药物治疗的患者低。与未接受他汀类药物的患者相比,在住院期间新调整为他汀类药物的患者3个月死亡率也更低(7.1% vs. 23.7%P <0.001)。出院的患者为60%功能预后良好(mRS2),其中69.6%的患者接受了他汀类药物治疗(P <0.001)。患者症状性脑出血的发生率与其是否接受他汀类药物治疗无关(8.8% vs. 8.7%P = 0.96)。说明他汀类药物的预处理以及调整治疗对静脉溶栓的缺血性卒中患者预后有积极的作用。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7897-2905 (Toralf Brüning)

Abstract: The present study investigated the association between pre-treatment with a cholesterol-lowering drug (statin) or new setting hereon and the effect on the mortality rate in patients with acute ischemic stroke who received intravenous systemic thrombolysis. During a 5-year period (starting in October 2008), 542 consecutive stroke patients who received intravenous systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany, were included. Patients were characterized according to statins. The primary endpoint was mortality; it was assessed twice: in hospital and 3 months after discharge. The secondary outcome was the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Of the 542 stroke patients examined (mean age 72 ± 13 years; 51% women, mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 11), 138 patients (25.5%) had been pre-treated with statin, while in 190 patients (35.1%) statin therapy was initiated during their stay in hospital, whereas 193 (35.6%) never received statins. Patients pre-treated with statin were older and more frequently had previous illnesses (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and previous cerebral infarctions), but were comparably similarly affected by the stroke (NIHSS 11 vs. 11; P = 0.76) compared to patients who were not on statin treatment at the time of cerebral infarction. Patients pretreated with statin did not differ in 3-month mortality from those newly treated to a statin (7.6% vs. 8%; P = 0.9).  Interestingly, the group of patients pretreated with statin showed a lower rate of in hospital mortality (6.6% vs. 17.0; P = 0.005) and 3-month mortality (10.7% vs. 23.7%; P = 0.005) than the group of patients who had no statin treatment at all. The same effect was seen for patients newly adjusted to a statin during the hospital stay compared to patients who did not receive statins (3-month mortality: 7.1% vs. 23.7%; P < 0.001). With a good functional outcome (mRS ≤ 2), 60% of patients were discharged, the majority (69.6%; P < 0.001) of whom received a statin at discharge.  The rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages in the course of cranial computed tomography was independent of whether the patients were pretreated with a statin or not (8.8% vs. 8.7%,  P = 0.96).  Pre-treatment with statin as well as new adjustment could reveal positive effect on prognosis of intravenous thrombolyzed stroke patients. Further investigations are required. The study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the University of Lübeck (approval No. 4-147).

Key words: acute ischemic stroke, hemorrhage, mortality, outcome, secondary prophylaxis, statins, stroke, systemic thrombolysis