中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (1): 95-96.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.314304

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

p75神经营养蛋白受体靶向疗法的新趋势

  

  • 出版日期:2022-01-05 发布日期:2021-09-18

The new wave of p75 neurotrophin receptor targeted therapies 

Amanda M. Crooks, Rick B. Meeker*   

  1. UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Crooks AM)
    Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Meeker RB)
  • Online:2022-01-05 Published:2021-09-18
  • Contact: Rick B. Meeker, PhD, meekerr@neurology.unc.edu.
  • Supported by:
    The present work was supported by NIH Grant R01 NS083164 (to RBM).

摘要:

Neural Regen Resp75神经营养蛋白受体作为神经发病机制驱动者的新作用

    神经营养素和神经退行性疾病之间的关系最适合于阿尔茨海默病,从基底前脑到皮质和海马的胆碱能输入的丢失与神经生长因子信号的改变密切相关。对神经营养素信号传导的理解的一个主要转折点是发现成熟神经营养素与前神经营养素的相反作用。成熟神经营养素在原肌球蛋白受体激酶(TrkABC受体上的保护性、促存活作用与p75神经营养素受体上的促神经营养素的神经退行性、促凋亡作用形成强烈对比。在阿尔茨海默病和老年人中,平衡从促生存神经生长因子/TrkA信号转移到有利于p75神经营养素受体高表达和促神经营养素升高的炎症和退行性变状态。鉴于越来越多的证据表明炎症是阿尔茨海默病和其他神经退行性疾病发病和进展的促因,现在很清楚,神经营养素调节可通过控制有害的免疫活动提供额外的治疗益处。许多体外研究和动物模型的证据表明,在神经应激的早期阶段,p75神经营养素受体的表达从低/不可检测的基线水平增加,与小胶质细胞激活的发展相一致。神经营养素受体的这种早期变化发生在神经退行性变的疾病特异性标志物出现之前,这表明干预有可能改变疾病的进程。通过p75神经营养素受体的proNGF信号有利于退行性信号传导的假说和早期疾病修饰的可能性已经导致了各种新的努力来开发调节这种受体作用的疗法。

    来自美国北卡罗来纳大学的Rick B. Meeker团队认为p75神经营养素受体的早期增加可能是神经系统对疾病相关应激的初始反应的信号,并且通过改变神经营养素信号的平衡,不仅在神经元中而且在免疫细胞中建立有利于疾病进展的环境。p75神经营养素受体干预最重要的特征之一是稳定细胞内钙、细胞骨架和炎症活动的能力,这是许多神经退行性变过程的早期共同特征。因此,干预措施有可能在出现更严重的病理状态之前改变病程。这一观点中强调的研究为这一领域提供了突破性的工作,但还需要进一步的研究来了解p75神经营养素受体的复杂和多方面的作用。这些作用包括调节Tau和抗炎活性的潜在作用。p75神经营养素受体激活产物如p75ECD可提供可靠的早期生物标志物,对鉴别早期疾病改良治疗可能获益的患者至关重要。这些进展标志着以神经营养素为基础的治疗神经退行性疾病的新时代的开始。

    文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022 1  1 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7487-5315 (Rick B. Meeker)

Abstract: Neurotrophins have been recognized for decades for their beneficial effects on growth, survival, and maintenance in the central nervous system, all of which suggest potential therapeutic utility. Although understanding and harnessing the activity of neurotrophins has proven difficult, the past several years have seen significant strides in the development of deliverable therapies that modulate neurotrophin activity (Shen et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2020; Xie et al., 2021). These recent studies have primarily focused on the multifunctional p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) which is upregulated in central nervous system disease and injury, thus offering a unique target for intervention. Animal studies focusing on neurodegenerative diseases, infection and injury have all illustrated the potential benefit of p75NTR modulation, such as prevention of neural damage via restoration of calcium homeostasis, facilitation of pro-survival signaling, and reduction of inflammation. In addition, new studies have revealed important interactions of p75NTR with microtubule-associated protein, Tau, relevant to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, tauopathies, injury, and infection. Importantly, these investigational therapies have also been shown to be effectively deliverable as well as tolerable, with few side effects in animal models. Although the actions of p75NTR are complex and studies have only begun to reveal their potential utility, these new developments have paved the way for clinical trials of focused, modulatory interventions that have the potential to be broadly applicable in the treatment and prevention of central nervous system disease.