Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2013, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (2): 143-148.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.02.006

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Excitatory amino acid changes in the brains of rhesus monkeys following selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion

Jun Pu1, Xiaoqun Niu2, Jizong Zhao1   

  1. 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100065, China
    2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2012-09-06 Revised:2012-11-22 Online:2013-01-15 Published:2013-01-15
  • Contact: Jizong Zhao, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100065, China, zhaojz205@gmail.com.
  • About author:Jun Pu☆, M.D., Associate chief physician.
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30960398; the 47th Post-doctoral Scientific Foundation of China, No. 20100470376; and the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province, No. 2009CD178.

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Abstract:

Selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion can enhance brain tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia and reduce cardiopulmonary complications in monkeys. Excitotoxicity induced by the release of a large amount of excitatory amino acids after cerebral ischemia is the major mechanism underlying ischemic brain injury and nerve cell death. In the present study, we used selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion to block the bilateral common carotid arteries and/or bilateral vertebral arteries in rhesus monkey, followed by reperfusion using Ringer's solution at 4°C. Microdialysis and transmission electron microscope results showed that selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion inhibited the release of glutamic acid into the extracellular fluid in the brain frontal lobe and relieved pathological injury in terms of the ultrastructure of brain tissues after severe cerebral ischemia. These findings indicate that cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion can inhibit cytotoxic effects and attenuate ischemic/ hypoxic brain injury through decreasing the release of excitatory amino acids, such as glutamic acid.

Key words: neural regeneration, brain injury, selective deep hypothermia, microdialysis, rhesus monkey, glutamic acid, excitatory amino acids, brain protection, high performance liquid chromatogram, ultrastructure, grants-supported paper, photographs-containing paper, neuroregeneration