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PANoptosis: new insights in regulated cell death in ischemia/reperfusion models
Paloma González-Rodríguez, Arsenio Fernández-López
2023, 18 (2):
342-343.
doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.343910
The first study describing the cell death and destruction of tissues, organs, and organ systems as programmed events during the development of multicellular organisms was performed by JW Saunders Jr in 1966. The term apoptosis was introduced by Kerr, Wyllie, and Currie in 1972 to describe a programmed phenomenon opposite to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations. Later, a description of ectodermal cell lineages as programmed cell death in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans was published by JE Sulston and HR Horvitz in 1976. These studies led to exponential growth into the research of cell death, which revealed many different types of death. The complexity of cell death led to the formation of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) to standardize the criteria and define the different types of death. The most recent NCCD guideline, published in 2018, has updated the criteria necessary for defining and interpreting cell death, including morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives (Galluzzi et al., 2018). In 2012, the NCCD proposed classifying cell death based on quantifiable biochemical parameters instead of the classic morphologic criteria and suggested using the specific terms of cell death subroutines. Since defining cell death is essential, some criteria of cell death were abandoned, for example, the engulfment of a cell which can, in some cases, preserve its viability. In 2015, the NCCD recommended only using two criteria to describe cell death: irreversible plasma membrane permeabilization and complete fragmentation. The NCCD recently redefined the term regulated cell death (RCD) to include the types of death that involve genetically encoded molecular machinery, which can be altered by pharmacological or genetic interventions. This is in contrast to accidental cell death, represented by the instantaneous and catastrophic demise of cells as a consequence of chemical (e.g., extreme pH) or physical (high pressure, temperature, shear stress) insults. The NCCD also defined programmed cell death as only the RCD in physiologic instances. Currently, the NCCD has designated the following cell death subroutines: intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, neutrophil extracellular trap otic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe (Galluzzi et al., 2018).
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