中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2014, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (4): 343-355.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.128235

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

蛋白多糖:神经突触生长的路标

  

  • 收稿日期:2014-01-08 出版日期:2014-02-25 发布日期:2014-02-25

Proteoglycans: Road Signs for Neurite Outgrowth

Justin A. Beller, Diane M. Snow   

  1. Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
  • Received:2014-01-08 Online:2014-02-25 Published:2014-02-25
  • Contact: Diane M. Snow, Ph.D., Professor of Neuroscience and Endowed Chair, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), UK College of Medicine, B-455 Biomedical and Biological Sciences Res Bldg (BBSRB), 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA, dsnow@uky.edu.
  • Supported by:

    The study was supported by the NIH (NS53470), the Kentucky Spinal Cord and Head Injury Research Trust (#10-11A), and the Department of Defense, CDMRP (SC090248/W81XWH-10-1-0778).

Abstract:

Proteoglycans in the central nervous system play integral roles as “traffic signals” for the direction of neurite outgrowth. This attribute of proteoglycans is a major factor in regeneration of the injured central nervous system. In this review, the structures of proteoglycans and the evidence suggesting their involvement in the response following spinal cord injury are presented. The review further describes the methods routinely used to determine the effect proteoglycans have on neurite outgrowth. The effects of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are not completely understood as there is disagreement on what component of the molecule is interacting with growing neurites and this ambiguity is chronicled in an historical context. Finally, the most recent findings suggesting possible receptors, interactions, and sulfation patterns that may be important in eliciting the effect of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are discussed. A greater understanding of the proteoglycan-neurite interaction is necessary for successfully promoting regeneration in the injured central nervous system.

Key words: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, protein core, extracellular matrix, neuronal growth cones, axon outgrowth and regeneration, spinal cord injury, glial scar, tissue culture