中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2014, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (12): 1222-1230.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.135330

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

影像学评价关注创伤性脑微出血时弥漫性轴索损伤

  

  • 收稿日期:2014-04-01 出版日期:2014-06-24 发布日期:2014-06-24

Diffuse axonal injury after traumatic cerebral microbleeds: an evaluation of imaging techniques

Jun Liu 1, 2, 3,  Zhifeng  Kou 2, Yongquan Tian 3   

  1. 1 Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
    2 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 3990 John R St, Detroit, MI, USA
    3 School of Public Administration, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
  • Received:2014-04-01 Online:2014-06-24 Published:2014-06-24
  • Contact: Yongquan Tian, M.D, School of Public Administration, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China, tianyq@csu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by grants from the State-Funded Construction Projects Key Clinical Specialist (2013-2015) and the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department, No. 2009FJ3092.

PDF

1934

摘要：

关于颅脑创伤性损伤的既往神经病理学研究较多关注较大结构改变，如脑挫裂伤、脑内血肿及硬膜外和硬膜下血肿等情况的临床预后，实际上许多细微结构的损伤，如脑微出血可致附近的神经元功能遭到破坏，皮质和皮质下结构之间重要功能发生变化而失联，可以造成更为严重的神经功能障碍，而这些改变在 CT或常规 MRI上却无法显示。基于梯度回波序列的磁敏感加权成像对血液代谢产物及微出血十分敏感，对创伤性脑微出血的评价具有较高的敏感性和准确性。脑微出血已被视为弥漫性轴索损伤重要的影像学标志，为此，文章重点综述了创伤性脑微出血的影像学评价对脑神经元损伤及功能丧失基础研究及临床应用的价值。

关键词: 神经再生, 神经影像, 脑创伤, 脑微出血, 弥漫性轴索损伤, 梯度回波序列, 磁敏感加权成像, 综述

Abstract:

Previous neuropathological studies regarding traumatic brain injury have primarily focused on changes in large structures, for example, the clinical prognosis after cerebral contusion, intracerebral hematoma, and epidural and subdural hematoma. In fact, many smaller injuries can also lead to severe neurological disorders. For example, cerebral microbleeds result in the dysfunction of adjacent neurons and the disassociation between cortex and subcortical structures. These tiny changes cannot be adequately visualized on CT or conventional MRI. In contrast, gradient echo sequence-based susceptibility-weighted imaging is very sensitive to blood metabolites and microbleeds, and can be used to evaluate traumatic cerebral microbleeds with high sensitivity and accuracy. Cerebral microbleed can be considered as an important imaging marker for diffuse axonal injury with potential relevance for prognosis. For this reason, based on experimental and clinical studies, this study reviews the role of imaging data showing traumatic cerebral microbleeds in the evaluation of cerebral neuronal injury and neurofunctional loss.

Key words: nerve regeneration, neuroimaging, traumatic brain injury, cerebral microbleeds, diffuse axonal injury, gradient-recalled-echo, susceptibility weighted imaging, review, neural regeneration

中图分类号: