中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 416-417.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.179046

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑腹果蝇神经损伤实验模型有助于分析人类的神经退变过程

  

  • 收稿日期:2016-02-01 出版日期:2016-03-15 发布日期:2016-03-15
  • 基金资助:

    这项工作是由昆尼皮亚克大学内部教育资助2012-2014年。

Drosophila neuronal injury model allows for temporal dissection of neurodegenerative events

Barron L. Lincoln II, Lani C. Keller   

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
  • Received:2016-02-01 Online:2016-03-15 Published:2016-03-15
  • Contact: Lani C. Keller, Ph.D.,lani.keller@quinnipiac.edu.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by an internal Quinnipiac University Grant-In-Aid to LCK between the years of 2012-2014. The authors confirm that the funder had no influence over the study design,content of the article, or selection of this journal.

摘要:

黑腹果蝇的生命周期短,遗传特征具有代表性,可选用研究神经退行性疾病和神经再生的实验试剂范围宽泛,最重要的是它的神经退行性过程与人类很相似,鉴于这几方面的原因,黑腹果蝇成为了研究神经退行性疾病的最佳实验对象之一。研究人员可以利用黑腹果蝇搭建多种简单的实验模型体系,用于研究多种神经退行性疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病、Tau蛋白病理性聚合相关疾病、肌萎缩性(脊髓)侧索硬化和朊病毒病等等。研究人员通过正向和反向基因筛选、通过使用转基因动物以及通过对备选治疗方案进行药理性试验这几种手段,在确定神经损伤应答中所涉及的分子信号方面取得了很大的进展。之前在人体上进行过实验的很多复杂的神经退行性表象,通过这些简单的实验模型都能够再现出来。脊髓损伤或创伤性脑损伤也可以通过机械性损伤和遗传性损伤这两种方法进行复制。在神经退行性疾病研究领域取得的这些巨大的进步完全得益于成像术和染色术方面的技术进步。荧光蛋白、抗体染色技术、活细胞成像技术和超分辨显微技术方面的卓越进步为研究人员在神经变性疾病研究领域取得更多的科学成果助了一臂之力。

Abstract:

Drosophila melanogaster have become one of the preeminent model systems to study neurodegeneration due to their short life cycle, exemplar genetics, vast array of available reagents and most importantly the similarities to the human neurodegenerative process. Drosophila provide researchers with several simple model systems from which to study a variety of neurodegenerative diseases ranging from Alzheimer’s Disease and Tauopathies to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Prion Diseases. Forward and reverse genetic screens, the use of transgenic animals, and the ability to test candidate therapeutics by pharmacological approaches have allowed researchers to make great strides in determining the molecular signaling involved in the neural injury response. These simple models are capable of reproducing many complex neurodegenerative phenotypes also observed in humans. The trauma seen in spinal cord injuries or traumatic brain injuries can be replicated using both mechanical and genetically induced injuries. The significant progress in neurodegeneration research would not be possible without the technological advances in imagery and staining. The advanced development of fluorescent proteins, anti-body staining techniques, live cell imaging technology, and super resolution microscopy have increased the rate of scientific discovery in the fields of neurodegenerative research.