中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (11): 2141-2148.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.310669

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

被忽略的ApoE亲戚载脂蛋白A1及其在阿尔茨海默病中的作用

  

  • 出版日期:2021-11-15 发布日期:2021-04-13

Apolipoprotein A1, the neglected relative of Apolipoprotein E and its potential role in Alzheimer’s disease

Kristina Endres*   

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
  • Online:2021-11-15 Published:2021-04-13
  • Contact: Kristina Endres, PhD, Kristina.endres@unimedizin-mainz.de.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grants from the MWWK, Germany (research consortium NeuroDegX) to KE.

摘要:

Neural Regen Res载脂蛋白A1在阿尔茨海默病中的作用

 

脂蛋白是多分子组装体,主要功能是运输和加工水性体液(血液、脑脊液)中的亲脂性物质。然而,它们也发挥其他生理功能,如免疫调节。神经元对免疫系统不受控制的反应很敏感,并且高度依赖于脂质的控制和充足供应。因此,某些脂蛋白及其蛋白质组分(载脂蛋白,Apo)在神经系统疾病中的作用是可感知的。例如,载脂蛋白e被公认为散发性阿尔茨海默病的主要危险因素之一,具有保护性等位基因变异体ε2和引起危险的等位基因变异体ε4。载脂蛋白A1是高密度脂蛋白的主要蛋白质成分,负责将多余的胆固醇从外周组织输送到肝脏。这种蛋白质在肝脏和肠道合成,但也可以通过脉络丛进入大脑,因此可能对大脑脂质稳态产生影响。来自德国美因茨约翰内斯古腾堡大学医学中心的Kristina Endres综述了载脂蛋白A1在阿尔茨海默病中的作用,并探讨了它在这种神经退行性疾病中的作用是特异性的还是代表了一种普遍的神经保护机制。

文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志20211111 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-8287 (Kristina Endres)

Abstract: Lipoproteins are multi-molecule assemblies with the primary function of transportation and processing of lipophilic substances within aqueous bodily fluids (blood, cerebrospinal fluid). Nevertheless, they also exert other physiological functions such as immune regulation.  In particular, neurons are both sensitive to uncontrolled responses of the immune system and highly dependent on a controlled and sufficient supply of lipids. For this reason, the role of certain lipoproteins and their protein-component (apolipoproteins, Apo’s) in neurological diseases is perceivable. ApoE, for example, is well-accepted as one of the major risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease with a protective allele variant (ε2) and a risk-causing allele variant (ε4). ApoA1, the major protein component of high-density lipoproteins, is responsible for transportation of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. The protein is synthesized in the liver and intestine but also can enter the brain via the choroid plexus and thereby might have an impact on brain lipid homeostasis. This review focuses on the role of ApoA1 in Alzheimer’s disease and discusses whether its role within this neurodegenerative disorder is specific or represents a general neuroprotective mechanism.

Key words: Aβ, ApoA1, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, lipids, lipoprotein, neurodegeneration, senile plaque