中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (1): 110-112.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.314306

• 观点:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

治疗错误折叠的视紫红质相关性常染色体显性视网膜色素变性的药理策略

  

  • 出版日期:2022-01-05 发布日期:2021-09-18

Pharmacological strategies for treating misfolded rhodopsin-associated autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa

Yibo Xi, Yuanyuan Chen*   

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Xi Y)
    Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Chen Y) 
    McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Chen Y)
  • Online:2022-01-05 Published:2021-09-18
  • Contact: Yuanyuan Chen, PhD, cheny1@pitt.edu.
  • Supported by:
    The present work was supported by the NIH Grants R01 EY030991 to YC and the P30 EY008098 to the Department of Ophthalmology at University of Pittsburgh, the Ear and Eye Foundation of Pittsburgh and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, NY, USA.

摘要: Neural Regen Res:恢复视紫红质稳态能拯救常染色体显性视网膜色素变性
     药理学策略旨在恢复视紫红质内稳态,预防早期和中期常染色体显性遗传性视网膜色素变性的视杆细胞死亡。一种策略是通过增强分子伴侣活性或通过传递小分子伴侣来支持突变视紫红质的折叠。虽然补充维生素A在某些视网膜色素变性患者中显示出延缓疾病进展的功效,但这些早期研究中缺乏基因诊断,使得维生素A与特定视网膜色素变性变异的相关性变得困难。分子伴侣如78 kDa葡萄糖调节蛋白(GRP78/Bip)的基因过度表达在表达RHOP23H的转基因大鼠中显示出视网膜保护作用,从而支持了光感受器可以通过在折叠过程中提供足够的支持而得到拯救的假设。基于这一概念,体外测试了化学伴侣(4-苯基丁酸)和维甲酸类似物(11个顺式锁定的视网膜、维甲酸苯甲醛和β-紫罗兰酮),证明了突变视杆蛋白的折叠改善和哺乳动物细胞向质膜的转运增加。尽管最近有报道称,每天口服4-苯基丁酸对RhoP23H/+敲入小鼠模型的视网膜具有保护作用,但大多数小分子伴侣没有公布体内疗效的记录。
     为了克服这一障碍,来自美国匹兹堡大学的Yuanyuan Chen团队采用无偏细胞高通量筛选方法筛选了69000多个小分子,并鉴定了一组小分子,包括YC-001,作为视杆蛋白的非视黄醇伴侣。发现YC-001以微摩尔效力和低细胞毒性拯救了多个错误折叠的视紫红质突变体从内质网到质膜的细胞转运。与9-顺式视网膜不同,YC-001的伴侣活性与光无关。开发非视黄醇伴侣的优势在于,它通过非共价相互作用与视杆蛋白结合,为视杆蛋白提供额外的结构支持,而天然的11-顺式视黄醇是不够的。此外,它并不阻止视觉色素的形成,这是光传导和视觉功能所必需的。单次腹腔注射YC-001可成功保护Abca4-/-,Rdh8-/-双基因敲除小鼠免受强光损伤,表明YC-001具有体内视网膜保护作用。由于YC-001的血清半衰期较短,我们正在积极优化YC-001类似物的化学性质,以提高其在体内的稳定性,从而在RHOP23H/+敲除常染色体显性遗传性视网膜色素变性小鼠模型中检测其慢性视网膜保护作用。未来的研究将集中在改善化合物YC-001的化学性质以提高视网膜的生物利用度和半衰期,或开发眼用缓释制剂以达到治疗RHO相关常染色体显性遗传性视网膜色素变性的长期疗效和安全性。
    文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年 1 月 1  期发表。

Abstract: Mutations that cause protein misfolding are implicated in conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Usher Syndrome, and myocilin associated primary open angle glaucoma. The aggregation and continuous degradation of a highly abundant misfolded protein add proteolytic load of the affected cells. The subtle balance of cellular homeostasis, once disrupted by an overwhelmed proteolytic system, will lead to cell death and tissue degeneration. This perspective uses RHODOPSIN (RHO)-associated RP to review pharmacologic strategies for modifying protein misfolding-associated abnormalities with the goal of bringing insights to the treatment of other proteinopathies.