中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 508-511.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.320973

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

一个环足以抑制α-突触核蛋白聚集

  

  • 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2021-10-14

One ring is sufficient to inhibit α-synuclein aggregation

Samuel Peña-Díaz1, 2, Salvador Ventura1, 2, 3,*   

  1. 1Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; 2Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; 3Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
  • Online:2022-03-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Salvador Ventura, PhD, salvador.ventura@uab.cat.

摘要: Neural Regen Res: 单一芳环化合物可解开成熟的α-突触核蛋白淀粉样纤维
帕金森病是全球第二大神经退行性疾病,其特征是黑质致密部的多巴胺能神经元逐渐丧失,引起运动症状。这种功能紊乱的主要特征是形成神经内蛋白包涵体,称为路易体和神经突起,主要组成部分是α-突触核蛋白,一种内在紊乱的可溶性蛋白质,在病理条件下,可形成毒性和细胞间传递的淀粉样结构。预防α-突触核蛋白聚集在寻找帕金森病的疾病修饰疗法方面引起了极大的努力。小分子如SynuClean-D、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、曲杜司喹或anle138b就是这种治疗潜力的例证。前期研究认为神经退行性疾病有一个共同的组织病理特征:蛋白质沉积,其主要成分是淀粉样纤维α-突触核蛋白。在帕金森病中,这些包裹体在黑质致密的多巴胺能神经元中积聚,导致细胞逐渐死亡和多巴胺下降,从而转化为运动症状,如运动迟缓、僵硬或静息性震颤。此外,还观察到皮质路易体,特别是路易体患者的痴呆症。
来自西班牙巴塞罗那自治大学的Salvador Ventura团队认为,帕金森病是一种神经退行性疾病,是继阿尔茨海默病之后第二流行的神经退行性疾病,可称为核细胞病,包括路易体痴呆和多系统萎缩等。单环抑制剂易于合成的结构,往往表现出比复杂的抗聚集化合物更好的药代动力学性能。然而,如一些多酚所示,它们可能无法穿过血脑屏障,甚至导致显著的毒性。作为一个总的趋势,这些化合物的作用似乎偏向于产生非途径聚集物,可能是因为单环结构与一个普通的蛋白质疏水性斑块相互作用,尽管其中一些也是有效的原纤维干扰剂和繁殖抑制剂。尽管存在一些争论,这些非通路结构通常被认为具有较低的固有毒性和免疫原性。总的来说,它们是未被充分研究的分子,这些分子构成了破译哪些基团和位置是长期追求的开发疾病修饰化合物以治疗帕金森病和/或其他突触核蛋白病的目标所必需的极好工具。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年3 月 3 期发表。


https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9652-6351 (Salvador Ventura)

Abstract: Parkinson’s disease, the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta, causing motor symptoms. This disorder’s main hallmark is the formation of intraneuronal protein inclusions, named Lewy bodies and neurites. The major component of these arrangements is α-synuclein, an intrinsically disordered and soluble protein that, in pathological conditions, can form toxic and cell-to-cell transmissible amyloid structures. Preventing α-synuclein aggregation has attracted significant effort in the search for a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Small molecules like SynuClean-D, epigallocatechin gallate, trodusquemine, or anle138b exemplify this therapeutic potential. Here, we describe a subset of compounds containing a single aromatic ring, like dopamine, ZPDm, gallic acid, or entacapone, which act as molecular chaperones against α-synuclein aggregation. The simplicity of their structures contrasts with the complexity of the aggregation process, yet the block efficiently α-synuclein assembly into amyloid fibrils, in many cases, redirecting the reaction towards the formation of non-toxic off-pathway oligomers. Moreover, some of these compounds can disentangle mature α-synuclein amyloid fibrils. Their simple structures allow structure-activity relationship analysis to elucidate the role of different functional groups in the inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation and fibril dismantling, making them informative lead scaffolds for the rational development of efficient drugs.

Key words: amyloid, aromatic rings, dopamine, inhibition, neurodegeneration, oligomers, Parkinson’s disease, protein aggregation, α-synuclein