中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6): 1190-1198.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.327328

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于脂质体的药物递送作为阿尔茨海默病的潜在治疗选择

  

  • 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2021-12-16

Liposome based drug delivery as a potential treatment option for Alzheimer’s disease

Carely Hernandez, Surabhi Shukla*   

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
  • Online:2022-06-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Surabhi Shukla, sshukla@ularkin.org.

摘要: Neural Regen Res: 脂质体药物递送治疗阿尔茨海默病
氧化损伤是包括阿尔茨海默病在内的神经元疾病的标志,有证据表明抗氧化剂可以防止β淀粉样蛋白中毒。姜黄素是姜黄根的根茎提取物,用作营养补充剂。由于其抗氧化特性,姜黄素在药理学上已显示出抗菌、抗癌、抗真菌、抗炎和抗阿尔茨海默病的特性。然而,由于姜黄素的溶解度低、循环系统不稳定性和快速代谢,直接在全身给药中的治疗可用性有限。前期研究表明,将姜黄素装入脂质体可提高姜黄素的稳定性并提高其溶解度。姜黄素靶向 Aβ 并减少淀粉样蛋白斑块的形成,从而降低淀粉样蛋白相关的毒性。载有载脂蛋白 E2 的脂质体已显示通过基因适应对阿尔茨海默病具有治疗益处。加载到靶脑组织的载脂蛋白E2在阿尔茨海默病中显示出治疗益处。所使用的模型是在体外使用小鼠阿尔茨海默病大脑给药的全身脂质体包裹治疗基因。静脉注射表面改性(转铁蛋白-渗透蛋白)脂质体的结果可有效递送治疗剂通过血脑屏障。小鼠大脑的载脂蛋白E水平升高,显示出对阿尔茨海默病的潜在治疗作用。鼻内装载 H102 肽的脂质体被研究作为阿尔茨海默病的潜在治疗选择。H102 与脂质体的结合具有靶向血脑屏障和 Aβ42 靶向的双重功能。与对照组相比,负载H102的脂质体的阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型的空间学习和记忆得到改善。许多脂质体制剂正在美国进行临床试验,用于癌症治疗、真菌感染、获得性免疫缺陷综合征中的卡波西肉瘤。不幸的是,临床实践中用于大脑特异性药物递送的脂质体配方有限。
来自美国拉金大学药学院的Surabhi Shukla团队认为,阿尔茨海默病与痴呆症和记忆力、思维和社交技能的逐渐衰退有关;最终导致个人无法再独立进行日常活动。目前市场上可用的药物可以暂时缓解症状,但不能成功减缓阿尔茨海默病的进展。由于药物递送至血脑屏障的困难,治疗和治愈受到限制。脂质体已成为一种可行的药物递送剂,用于运输不能穿过血脑屏障的药物。脂质体被用作纳米颗粒药物递送的组成部分;它们具有携带亲脂性和亲水性治疗剂穿过血脑屏障进入脑细胞的能力。基于脂质体的药物递送治疗神经退行性疾病这个想法是将药物封装在适当设计的脂质体中以产生治疗反应。脂质体被设计为靶向特定的患病部分,并且正在研究脂质体的几种表面修饰,以创造治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床途径。尽管脂质体面临许多挑战,但用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的基于脂质体的药物递送仍然显示出减缓阿尔茨海默病发病机制进展的有希望和潜在的治疗选择。脂质体和修饰的变化允许特定靶向穿过血脑屏障并到达大脑中的目标区域。未来的研究预计将朝着开发多功能脂质体的方向发展,该脂质体可以针对脑病理学的多个方面。还需要进一步的策略和研究来安全管理脂质体药物递送系统。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年 6月 6 期发表。

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition leading to atrophy of the brain and robbing nearly 5.8 million individuals in the United States age 65 and older of their cognitive functions. Alzheimer’s disease is associated with dementia and a progressive decline in memory, thinking, and social skills, eventually leading to a point that the individual can no longer perform daily activities independently. Currently available drugs on the market temporarily alleviate the symptoms, however, they are not successful in slowing down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Treatment and cures have been constricted due to the difficulty of drug delivery to the blood-brain barrier. Several studies have led to identification of vesicles to transport the necessary drugs through the blood-brain barrier that would typically not achieve the targeted area through systemic delivered medications. Recently, liposomes have emerged as a viable drug delivery agent to transport drugs that are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Liposomes are being used as a component of nanoparticle drug delivery; due to their biocompatible nature; and possessing the capability to carry both lipophilic and hydrophilic therapeutic agents across the blood brain barrier into the brain cells. Studies indicate the importance of liposomal based drug delivery in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The idea is to encapsulate the drugs inside the properly engineered liposome to generate a response of treatment. Liposomes are engineered to target specific diseased moieties and also several surface modifications of liposomes are under research to create a clinical path to the management of Alzheimer’s disease. This review deals with Alzheimer’s disease and emphasize on challenges associated with drug delivery to the brain, and how liposomal drug delivery can play an important role as a drug delivery method for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. This review also sheds some light on variation of liposomes. Additionally, it emphasizes on the liposomal formulations which are currently researched or used for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and also discusses the future prospect of liposomal based drug delivery in Alzheimer’s disease.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, beta-amyloid, blood-brain barrier, brain delivery, drug delivery systems, encapsulated drugs, liposomes, nanoparticles, neurodegenerative diseases, PEGylation, targeted delivery, tau