中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6): 1273-1274.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.327334

• 观点:周围神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

突触周围雪旺细胞与神经肌肉连接的研究进展

  

  • 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2021-12-17

Progress in perisynaptic Schwann cell and neuromuscular junction research

Chandler L. Walker*   

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Group, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA 
  • Online:2022-06-15 Published:2021-12-17
  • Contact: Chandler L. Walker, PhD, chalwalk@iu.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, No. IK2RX002688, to CLW.

摘要: Neural Regen Res:神经肌肉接头去神经支配后突触周围许旺细胞的变化已得到进一步研究
神经肌肉接头由三个基本解剖结构组成:突触前运动轴突末端、肌肉上的突触后烟碱乙酰胆碱受体和突触周围许旺细胞突触。除了这三部分结构外,粒细胞也参与了神经肌肉接头的结构组成,尽管对该细胞类型的了解较少。突触周围许旺细胞不仅是神经肌肉接头的保护性细胞覆盖物,而且在正常和病理条件下均具有各种动态功能。
来自美国印第安纳大学牙科学院的Chandler L. Walker团队认为,突触周围许旺细胞是神经肌肉接头维持和可塑性的重要功能参与者。然而,迄今为止揭示的突触周围许旺细胞的物理和生理特征在研究中的应用仅处于初始阶段。研究进展的一个关键是更好地了解突触周围许旺细胞在病理或治疗条件下神经肌肉去神经支配和神经再支配中的作用。最近,更多的发现揭示了肌萎缩侧索硬化症中神经肌肉接头去神经支配后突触周围许旺细胞发生的解剖学和生物学变化。NG2 和 TBX21 可以帮助识别和分离突触周围许旺细胞,这为研究突触周围许旺细胞在正常条件和疾病中的作用奠定了基础。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年 6月 6期发表。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-8263 (Chandler L. Walker)

Abstract: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is widely studied for its utility in investigating synaptic properties and processes and neuromuscular changes in response to injury, aging, and disease. The NMJ consists of three essential anatomic components, the pre-synaptic motor axon terminal, the post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AchRs) on the muscle, and the perisynaptic Schwann cell (PSC), also known as the terminal Schwann cell, that caps the synapse (Figure 1A). In addition to this tri-partite construction, another cell called the kranocyte is known to be involved in the structural makeup of the NMJ though even less is known about this cell type. The PSC is a protective cellular covering for the NMJ and serves various dynamic functions under normal and pathological conditions. The NMJ is a complex multi-component site of communication between motor axons and target musculature. The PSC is a specialized non-myelinating Schwann cell that protects, nourishes, and regulates synaptic function at the NMJ (Alvarez-Suarez et al., 2020). A dynamic reciprocal communication network exists between the PSC and muscle to adapt to and help modulate alterations to NMJ activity in healthy adults. The PSC produces and secretes trophic factors that influence the axon’s health, post-synaptic muscle, and overall integrity of the NMJ. Likewise, muscle also secretes trophic factors and other chemical mediators that influence the PSC and associated localized structures at the NMJ.