中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (9): 1957-1958.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.335146

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸:创伤性脑损伤的一种有前途的治疗选择

  

  • 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2022-03-05

N-acetyl-L-leucine: a promising treatment option for traumatic brain injury

Chinmoy Sarkar*, Marta M. Lipinski   

  1. Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA (Sarkar C, Lipinski MM) 
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA (Lipinski MM) 
  • Online:2022-09-15 Published:2022-03-05
  • Contact: Chinmoy Sarkar, PhD,csarkar@som.umaryland.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by IntraBio and NIH funding (R01NS091218 and R01NS091218) to MML.

摘要: N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸未来治疗创伤性脑损伤的可能性
最新研究表明用N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸处理可减轻创伤性脑损伤小鼠皮质组织中的神经元死亡和神经炎症。N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸具有口服生物利用度,50 多年来一直在法国用于治疗眩晕和眩晕症状。它是无毒的,没有严重的副作用报告,使其成为快速重新利用的非常有希望的潜在候选者。在一项开放临床研究中报道,N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸治疗对溶酶体贮积病患者,特别是 C 型尼曼-皮克病患者具有有益效果。虽然N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸的外消旋混合物被用于治疗眩晕和临床试验,但 N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体已被确定为活性形式。 N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体在 C 型 Niemann-Pick 病的小鼠模型中显示出神经保护作用。使用N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体在创伤性脑损伤后口服治疗小鼠,N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体治疗显着改善了实验性创伤性脑损伤后小鼠的功能缺陷。我们还检测到用N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体治疗的小鼠的病灶体积显着减弱,表明创伤性脑损伤后 N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体的神经保护功能延长。
来自美国马里兰大学医学院的Chinmoy Sarkar团队认为,除了神经保护功能外,N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体还可有效减少创伤性脑损伤中的神经炎症。用N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体治疗的创伤性脑损伤小鼠的记忆和运动技能功能改善,病变体积减少。预计这主要是由于观察到N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体治疗后神经变性和神经炎症的减弱。这些数据支持N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体作为未来潜在的创伤性脑损伤治疗的发展。临床前评估是必要的,需要在雌性和两性老年小鼠中评估N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体的有益影响。后者尤其重要,因为老年人群中创伤性脑损伤的发病率更高,结果更差。早期抑制神经元死亡和神经炎症在限制创伤性脑损伤后终生功能缺陷方面的重要性。虽然N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体已被用于治疗眩晕,并正在进行 Niemann-Pick 病的临床试验,但尚未在创伤性脑损伤患者中进行临床测试。N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸左旋异构体可成为创伤性脑损伤的潜在疗法,从而为其未来的创伤性脑损伤临床试验提供了科学基础。
   文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年9 月 9 期发表。

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a mechanical injury to the brain, which can be sustained due to falls, accidents, contact sports or in combat situation. It is a serious health problem-affecting people of all ages worldwide. As per the recent epidemiological study, more than 55 million people suffer from TBI annually (GBD 2016 Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury Collaborators, 2019), and its prevalence has increased by almost 8.4% between 1990 and 2016 (GBD 2016 Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury Collaborators, 2019). Depending on severity, TBI can lead to premature death and disability. In long-term survivors, it is also a major risk factor for development of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease (Smith et al., 2013). All together TBI causes immense emotional distress and brings huge financial burden not only to the patients and family members but also to the society (GBD 2016 Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury Collaborators, 2019). Unfortunately, there is no effective pharmacological treatment available for TBI. Current therapeutic approaches are primarily focused on minimizing or alleviating injury-inflicted symptoms but do not restrict injury-induced brain damage. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify and develop pharmacological agents that can improve TBI outcomes and prevent neurodegeneration.