中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 583-590.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.380875

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

帕金森病嗅觉功能障碍及其相关分子机制

  

  • 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2023-09-02
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82104421),中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M721726),江苏省大学生创新创业培养计划项目(202210304155Y)和南通大学科研创业基金项目(35421623023)

Olfactory dysfunction and its related molecular mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease

Yingying Gu, Jiaying Zhang, Xinru Zhao, Wenyuan Nie, Xiaole Xu, Mingxuan Liu*, Xiaoling Zhang*   

  1. College of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2024-03-15 Published:2023-09-02
  • Contact: Xiaoling Zhang, MD, Zhangxiaoling@ntu.edu.cn, Mingxuan Liu, mingxuanliu@ntu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82104421, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. 2022M721726, the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Jiangsu Province, No. 202210304155Y, and the Research Startup Fund Program of Nantong University, No.135421623023 (all to XZ).

摘要:

嗅觉功能的变化被认为是帕金森病的早期生物标志物之一,且也是帕金森病最早发生的非运动特征之一。嗅觉功能障碍存在于约90%的早期帕金森病患者中,且通常早于患者确诊前数年。因此,嗅觉功能障碍应被视为帕金森病的可靠标志物。但是帕金森病中嗅觉功能障碍的机制目前尚不清楚。综述明确解释了嗅觉功能障碍可作为帕金森病早期生物标志物的病因和医学定义。结合临床嗅觉测试、动物模拟实验和神经递质表达水平,进一步评估了两者的相关性,及嗅觉功能障碍在帕金森病早期病理过程中的分子机制。提示嗅觉功能障碍是帕金森病临床前期的重要生物学标志之一,因此,在帕金森病的前期,开发针对嗅觉功能障碍等非运动症状的帕金森病治疗药物或可预防或延缓多巴胺能神经变性和运动症状,并通过改善嗅觉功能障碍的恶化希望寻找到治疗帕金森病的有效靶点。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-0976 (Xiaoling Zhang)

关键词: 帕金森病, 嗅觉功能障碍, 生物标志物

Abstract: Changes in olfactory function are considered to be early biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the earliest non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease, appearing in about 90% of patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease, and can often predate the diagnosis by years. Therefore, olfactory dysfunction should be considered a reliable marker of the disease. However, the mechanisms responsible for olfactory dysfunction are currently unknown. In this article, we clearly explain the pathology and medical definition of olfactory function as a biomarker for early-stage Parkinson’s disease. On the basis of the findings of clinical olfactory function tests and animal model experiments as well as neurotransmitter expression levels, we further characterize the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction in the pathology of early-stage Parkinson’s disease. The findings highlighted in this review suggest that olfactory dysfunction is an important biomarker for preclinical-stage Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, therapeutic drugs targeting non-motor symptoms such as olfactory dysfunction in the early stage of Parkinson’s disease may prevent or delay dopaminergic neurodegeneration and reduce motor symptoms, highlighting the potential of identifying effective targets for treating Parkinson’s disease by inhibiting the deterioration of olfactory dysfunction.

Key words: biomarker, early-stage, olfactory disorders, olfactory dysfunction, Parkinson’s disease