中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 740-750.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01401

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

神经系统中的脂滴参与细胞代谢稳态

  

  • 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2024-06-25

Lipid droplets in the nervous system: involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis

Yuchen Zhang1, 2, Yiqing Chen1 , Cheng Zhuang1 , Jingxuan Qi1 , Robert Chunhua Zhao1, 3, 4, 5, *, Jiao Wang1, *   

  1. 1 School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; 2 School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; 3 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; 4 Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; 5 Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing, China
  • Online:2025-03-15 Published:2024-06-25
  • Contact: Jiao Wang, PhD, jo717@shu.edu.cn; Robert Chunhua Zhao, MD, zhaochunhua@vip.163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was funded by Basic Research Program of Shanghai, No. 20JC1412200 (to JW) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China, No. 2020YFA0113000 (to RCZ)

摘要:

脂滴是神经元、胶质细胞以及神经系统中其他细胞中储存中性脂质的主要细胞器,其形成始于内质网中中性脂质的合成。过去,脂滴被认为仅在维持脂质代谢和能量平衡方面发挥作用。然而,最近的研究表明,脂滴是高度适应性的细胞器,在神经系统中具有多种功能。一个关键的作用是它们能够防止细胞内脂质过氧化和脂质毒性。脂滴通过酯化游离脂肪酸和在其核心隔离有毒脂肪酸来实现这一目标。此外,脂滴有助于减轻游离脂肪酸水平升高对能量代谢的影响。除了维持能量稳态和避免氧化应激外,脂滴在维持细胞环境稳态方面具有多种功能,包括运输膜间脂质,储存维生素和蛋白质等。此外,脂滴在神经元和胶质细胞中表现出特定的功能。脂滴形成的失调导致细胞功能障碍、代谢异常和神经系统疾病。脂滴在神经退行性疾病中的潜在治疗作用仍然是当前研究的焦点。此综述系统总结了脂滴在神经系统中的作用,包括生物发生、细胞特异性和功能等内容。探讨了脂滴与神经退行性疾病之间的关系。脂滴参与神经系统相关的细胞代谢稳态,对于理解这些疾病的潜在原因和探索潜在的治疗方法提供了新的思路。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-5425 (Jiao Wang); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-4506 (Robert Chunhua Zhao)

Abstract: Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons, glial cells, and other cells in the nervous system. Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum. Previously, lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis; however, recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous system. In addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism, lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress responses. Furthermore, lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial cells. Dysregulation of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, and nervous system diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system, covering topics such as biogenesis, cellular specificity, and functions. Additionally, it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, lipid droplet biogenesis, lipid droplets, lipid metabolism, nervous system, neurodegenerative disorders, oxidative stress, Parkinson’s disease