中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (12): 3370-3387.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00851

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

线粒体移植:治疗视网膜退行性疾病的有前途的策略

  

  • 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-03-13

Mitochondrial transplantation: a promising strategy for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases

Jing Chi# , Bin Fan# , Yulin Li, Qing Jiao, Guang-Yu Li*   

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
  • Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-03-13
  • Contact: Guang-Yu Li, MD, liguangyu@aliyun.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 8247041526, 81570864, 82171053 (to GYL).

摘要:

视网膜是一种重要的神经组织,负责将光信号转化为视觉信息,这一过程需要大量的能量。线粒体,作为细胞的主要能量工厂,在视网膜生理学中起着不可或缺的作用,通过氧化磷酸化满足光感受器和次级神经元的高能量需求。在健康状态下,线粒体保持正常功能,确保视觉信号的有效转换和转导。然而,在视网膜退行性疾病中,线粒体功能障碍显著促进了疾病进展,包括膜电位下降、DNA突变、氧化应激增加以及质量控制机制失衡。这些异常导致能量供应不足、氧化损伤加剧和细胞死亡途径的激活,最终导致视网膜神经元损伤和功能障碍。为了解决这些问题,线粒体移植技术应运而生,通过引入健康的线粒体恢复受损细胞的代谢活动和功能,从而增强细胞的能量产生能力,并为治疗视网膜退行性疾病提供新策略。尽管线粒体移植技术存在操作挑战并需要进一步的安全性研究,但它们已经显示出恢复视网膜神经元活力的潜力。该综述全面讨论了线粒体移植的原理和技术及其在视网膜退行性疾病中的应用前景,并深入探讨了面临的技术和安全挑战,为未来的研究和治疗提供了参考和见解。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-2507 (Guang-Yu Li)

关键词: 视网膜退行性疾病, 线粒体移植, 线粒体转移, 年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD), Leber遗传性视神经病变(LHON)

Abstract: The retina, a crucial neural tissue, is responsible for transforming light signals into visual information, a process that necessitates a significant amount of energy. Mitochondria, the primary powerhouses of the cell, play an integral role in retinal physiology by fulfilling the high-energy requirements of photoreceptors and secondary neurons through oxidative phosphorylation. In a healthy state, mitochondria ensure proper visual function by facilitating efficient conversion and transduction of visual signals. However, in retinal degenerative diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction significantly contributes to disease progression, involving a decline in membrane potential, the occurrence of DNA mutations, increased oxidative stress, and imbalances in quality-control mechanisms. These abnormalities lead to an inadequate energy supply, the exacerbation of oxidative damage, and the activation of cell death pathways, ultimately resulting in neuronal injury and dysfunction in the retina. Mitochondrial transplantation has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing these challenges. This procedure aims to restore metabolic activity and function in compromised cells through the introduction of healthy mitochondria, thereby enhancing the cellular energy production capacity and offering new strategies for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Although mitochondrial transplantation presents operational and safety challenges that require further investigation, it has demonstrated potential for reviving the vitality of retinal neurons. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the principles and techniques underlying mitochondrial transplantation and its prospects for application in retinal degenerative diseases, while also delving into the associated technical and safety challenges, thereby providing references and insights for future research and treatment.

Key words: age-related macular degeneration, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy, mitochondrial transfer, mitochondrial transplantation, retinal degenerative diseases