中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (9): 4447-4456.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00175

• 原著:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

淀粉样前体蛋白对成年期新生神经元的调控

  

  • 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-05-22

Molecular pathways underlying amyloid precursor protein–mediated regulation of adult-born neurons

Haidong Hu1, 2, #, Huidong Li2, #, Yu Chen2, #, Jianwen Zhou2, Jian Chen2, Qihong Tang2, Xiaoshan Chen2, Jinxiang Jiang2, Mengyao Sun2, Dongjing Jia2, Wenyuan Xie2, Cheng Long2, *, Li Yang1, *#br#

#br#
  

  1. 1School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; 
    2School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: Li Yang, PhD, yang_li@gzhu.edu.cn; Cheng Long, PhD, longcheng@m.scnu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 32170950 (to LY), 31970915 (to LY), 32371065 (to CL); the Natural Science Foundation of the Guangdong Province, No. 2023A1515010899 (to CL).

摘要:

淀粉样前体蛋白的裂解会产生具有毒性的淀粉样β蛋白,该过程在阿尔茨海默病的发病机制中起着关键作用。神经元丧失是阿尔茨海默病的关键特征。尽管淀粉样前体蛋白在神经前体细胞增殖及齿状回新生颗粒细胞存活中发挥重要作用,但淀粉样前体蛋白缺失如何影响神经元电生理活动及新生神经元存活机制尚不明确。实验通过在淀粉样前体蛋白缺失小鼠模型中结合全细胞膜片钳记录、逆转录病毒标记及免疫荧光染色技术,发现淀粉样前体蛋白缺失虽增加了注射后4周新生颗粒细胞的数量,但未改变其内在兴奋性及微电流活动。相比之下,注射后10周的新生颗粒细胞数量和内在兴奋性均有所增加,这与树突形态异常、微小兴奋性和抑制性突触传递增加以及氯化钾共转运蛋白2水平降低有关。成熟颗粒细胞与10周后新生颗粒细胞不同,它们在淀粉样前体蛋白缺失小鼠中表现出内在兴奋性和氯化钾共转运蛋白2水平降低以及细胞凋亡增加。此外,尽管淀粉样前体蛋白缺失小鼠在情境恐惧条件反射过程中表现出异常冻结行为和更多成熟颗粒细胞激活,但无论是淀粉样前体蛋白缺失小鼠还是野生型对照小鼠,新生颗粒细胞均未被激活。研究系统地揭示了淀粉样前体蛋白缺失以细胞年龄依赖的方式影响成体生成的颗粒细胞的功能成熟和存活:① 使10周龄成体生成的颗粒细胞停滞在电生理和形态学不成熟的过度兴奋状态;② 下调钾-氯共转运蛋白2表达,改变γ-氨基丁酸能抑制功能稳态,可能诱发兴奋性毒性;③ 最终导致成熟颗粒细胞发生凋亡。成体生成的颗粒细胞的异常增多可能是一种针对神经元丢失的代偿性反应,但无法挽救整体的网络功能障碍。微白蛋白阳性中间神经元兴奋性降低和γ-氨基丁酸受体减少共同导致了抑制性张力削弱,进一步加剧了网络兴奋/抑制(E/I)平衡的失调。APP-/-小鼠表现出的恐惧记忆异常和成熟颗粒细胞过度激活,可能与齿状回模式分离功能受损有关。这些发现表明淀粉样前体蛋白对新生颗粒细胞的成熟至关重要,且淀粉样前体蛋白缺失会在10周后诱导新生颗粒细胞发生兴奋性毒性,进而促进成熟颗粒细胞后续的凋亡。此研究提示靶向干预成年神经发生过程或氯化钾共转运蛋白2功能可能成为阿尔茨海默病治疗的潜在新策略。


https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-8588 (Li Yang); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0904-796X (Cheng Long)

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病l淀粉样前体蛋白l海马体l成年新生颗粒细胞l副白蛋白l钾-氯共转运蛋白2l细胞凋亡l全细胞膜片钳技术l恐惧条件反射

Abstract: Cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) produces toxic amyloid-beta peptides, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuronal loss is a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the importance of APP in the proliferation of neural progenitors and the survival of adult-born granule cells in the dentate gyrus, little is known about the effect of APP deficiency on neuronal electrophysiological activities and the survival of newly born neurons. Utilizing whole-cell patch-clamp recording in combination with retroviral labeling and immunofluorescent staining in Alzheimer’s disease model mice with App knockout (App–/–), we show that APP deficiency increased the number of adult-born granule cells at 4 weeks post-injection, but did not affect their intrinsic excitability or miniature current activity. In contrast, at 10 weeks post-injection, adult-born granule cells showed increased abundance and intrinsic excitability that were associated with abnormal dendritic morphology, increased miniature excitatory- and inhibitory-synaptic transmission, and decreased potassium-chloride-cotransporter 2 expression. Compared with adult-born granule cells at 10 week post-injection, mature granule cells exhibited decreased intrinsic excitability and potassium-chloride-cotransporter 2 expression alongside increased apoptosis in App–/– mice. Additionally, although App–/–mice showed abnormal freezing behavior and elevated mature granule cell activation during contextual fear conditioning, adult-born granule cells were not recruited in either App–/– or wild-type control mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that APP is required for adult-born granule cell maturation and that APP deficiency induces excitotoxicity in adult-born granule cells at 10 weeks post-injection, promoting subsequent apoptosis of mature granule cells. 

Key words: adult-born granule cellsl Alzheimer’s diseasel amyloid precursor proteinl apoptosisl fear conditioningl hippocampusl parvalbuminl potassium-chloride-cotransporter 2l whole-cell patch-clamp