中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (9): 3906-3918.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00244

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

免疫失调和肠道微生物群:与健康和疾病发展的关系

  

  • 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-05-15

Immune dysregulation and gut microbiota: Connection to health and disease development

Ana Paula de Araújo Boleti1, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Cardoso1, Breno Emanuel Farias Frihling1, Luiz Filipe Ramalho Nunes de Moraes1, Ellynes Amancio Correia Nunes1, 2, Lincoln Takashi Hota Mukoyama1, Maria Eduarda Freitas Biembengute1, Vívia Cleisla Bezerra de Melo1, Marcos Fernandes Morales1, Alinne Pereira de Castro1, Ludovico Migliolo1, 2, 3, *   

  1. 1S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; 
    2Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; 
    3Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
     
  • Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-05-15
  • Contact: Ludovico Migliolo, PhD, ludovico@ucdb.br.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by a grant from the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq, CAPES, and FUNDECT (to LM).

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-2189 (Ludovico Migliolo)

Abstract: Neuroinflammation is a key pathophysiological mechanism in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review article analyzes the role of inflammatory mediators and their signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that promote neurodegeneration and hinder neural regeneration. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in inflammatory processes in the brain are associated with cognitive impairment, progressive neurodegeneration, and impaired synaptic plasticity. Activation of Toll-like receptors triggers an inflammatory cascade involving proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha, which significantly contributes to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Furthermore, we are investigating how these neuroinflammatory processes interfere with neural regeneration mechanisms and the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. Neural biomarkers associated with inflammation are emerging as potential diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for neurological diseases, particularly anxiety disorders and Alzheimer’s disease. Both experimental and clinical studies suggest that interventions aimed at modulating neuroinflammation could be a promising therapeutic approach to promoting neuroprotection and stimulating neural regeneration. This review summarizes the latest research on the molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and its effect on brain function. It also highlights potential neuroprotective and regenerative strategies for treating neurological diseases.

Key words: dysbiosis, gastrointestinal disorders, immune response, inflammation, microbiota, nerve regeneration, neurological diseases