中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (9): 3919-3932.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00121

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

机器学习与深度学习改变神经精神障碍患者的组织病理及神经回路:人工智能的成长和应用

  

  • 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-05-15

Interaction of artificial intelligence, mental disorders, and diverse data modalities: Potential treatment management based on the “method–disease–data” axis

Xu Tian1, 2, Ning Wang2, 3, Jin Yan4, Yiming Chen5, Ke Ma2, 6, *   

  1. 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; 
    2Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; 
    3Office of Academic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; 
    4Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; 
    5Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; 
    6School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
  • Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-05-15
  • Contact: Ke Ma, PhD, make19880710@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shangdong Province, No. ZR2024MH267 (to KM).

摘要:

尽管既往许多研究关注了神经精神障碍的预测模型、病理和组织学诊断和治疗工具以及个性化治疗模式,但这些研究仅合并了单独研究结果,忽视了人工智能(AI)技术方法、使用的数据集和心理健康研究中的应用整合。此次研究使用BioBERT预训练语言模型系统地提取相关信息,开发了一个包含3158个实体和3248个不同关系的扩展知识图谱。该图谱描绘了人工智能技术框架,并明确地描绘了将人工智能方法、精神障碍和多种数据模式联系起来的关系。研究以“方法-疾病-数据”分析轴为中心,突出了人工智能和神经精神病学的关键研究领域。即,文章侧重于人工智能在神经精神病学早期检测、提高诊断准确性和个性化治疗干预的应用。此外总结了基于基础研究成果并扩展到正在进行的临床试验的应用,揭示了未来在精神病学工作中的临床应用路径。重要的是,特别关注人工智能在识别神经精神障碍重要脑区和神经回路中的应用,为阐明其神经机制和制定有针对性的干预措施提供了重要线索。尽管人工智能带来了巨大的机遇,但也存在重大挑战,包括不平衡的数据集、伦理问题以及对可信度和透明度的临床担忧。文章还提出了应对这些挑战的策略,并对人工智能支持的新兴方法进行了展望,这些方法有望极大地改变神经精神障碍的治疗管理。


https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4942-9281 (Ke Ma)

关键词: 人工智能, 临床决策支持, 临床试验, 计算精神病学, 早期诊断, 知识图谱发现, 个性化医疗, 精准精神病学, 精神障碍, 治疗预测

Abstract:

Although many previous studies have highlighted the advances in prediction models, instruments for pathological and histological diagnosis and treatment, as well as individualized treatment modalities in mental disorders, these previous syntheses usually study the research outcomes separately and ignore the holistic integration of research regarding artificial intelligence technological approaches, data sets used and applications in mental health research. We used the BioBERT pretrained language model to systematically extract relevant information and develop an extensive knowledge graph that includes 3158 entities connected with 3248 different relationships. Our knowledge graph delineates essential artificial intelligence technological frameworks and explicitly maps out the relationships linking artificial intelligence methods, mental disorders, and diverse data modalities. The synthesis, centered on the analytical axis of “method-disease-data,” highlights key research areas where artificial intelligence and neuropsychiatry meet. Specifically, it focuses on key applications in early detection, improved accuracy of diagnosis, and individualized therapeutic interventions. In addition, we summarized the applications derived from basic research findings that extend to ongoing clinical trials, revealing the path toward future clinical application in psychiatric work. Importantly, the research paid special attention to the application of artificial intelligence in identifying key brain regions and neural circuits, providing important clues for elucidating the neural mechanisms of mental disorders and developing targeted interventions. Although artificial intelligence presents great opportunities, there are also significant challenges, including imbalanced data sets, ethical issues, and clinical concerns about trustworthiness and transparency. Strategies to address these challenges are proposed, and a perspective on emerging methods enabled by artificial intelligence is provided, which are expected to greatly change the management and treatment of the future.

Key words: artificial intelligence, clinical decision support, clinical trial, computational psychiatry, early diagnosis, knowledge discovery, personalized medicine, precision psychiatry, psychiatric disorders, treatment prediction