中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (10): 1545-1547.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.165315

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

环境富集和神经保护和恢复效应?

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-06-30 出版日期:2015-10-28 发布日期:2015-10-28
  • 基金资助:

    The laboratory gratefully acknowledges the institutional support provided by MCPHS University.

Neuroprotection and recovery from early-life adversity: considerations for environmental enrichment

Amanda C. Kentner*   

  1. School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, MCPHS University (formerly Massachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences), Boston, MA, USA
  • Received:2015-06-30 Online:2015-10-28 Published:2015-10-28
  • Contact: Amanda C. Kentner, Ph.D.,amanda.kentner@mcphs.edu.
  • Supported by:

    该实验室十分感谢麻省药科与健康科学大学提供的机构支持

摘要:

环境富集是指通过物理和社会环境对大脑进行刺激。因为大脑在更丰富,更刺激的环境下会具有更高效的突触生成率以及更复杂的树突生长,从而增强大脑活动。这种效果主要发生在神经发育期间,但在成年时期也会有小幅度发生。因为多余的突触存在会增加突触活性,进而导致胶质能量支持细胞的数量和尺寸都有增加。环境富集也能够增强毛细管形成,为神经元和神经胶质细胞提供额外的能量支持;而神经纤维(包括,神经元,神经胶质细胞,毛细血管,结合在一起)的扩大也会加厚皮层。啮齿动物大脑研究表明,丰富环境也可能导致神经发生率增加。通过评价环境富集在动物饲养状态下的“预防性”效应预测疾病前进展,希望能够确定其是否有对病理进展有延迟或抑制作用。环境富集的“康复”潜力是通过将一种动物初次病理发病后置入富集实验室环境,之后开始评估,以确定其是否存在一个对不良后果的逆转关联。给予环境富集动物饲养的优势表明,这种环境条件类似于临床康复过程。尽管在临床试验条件下缺乏环境富集对人类疾病或创伤产生神经保护或恢复的可信证据,但康复过程中伴随的认知、物理和/或社会刺激表明环境富集可以为患者提供神经保护或恢复能力。
 

Abstract:

Enriched laboratory housing has also been utilized to evaluate its neuroprotective and rehabilitative potential as a translational intervention for complications associated with stroke, Huntington’s disease, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and even psychological stressors. In order to evaluate the ‘preventative’ effects of EE an animal is reared in this condition prior to the beginning of disease progression, or before encountering a challenge. The purpose is to determine if there is either a delay or inhibition of pathology. The ‘rehabilitative’ potential of EE is assessed by placing an animal into this housing after the initiation of the pathology, or challenge, to determine if there is a reversal of the associated adverse consequences. The benefits afforded to animals reared in EE suggest that this housing condition is akin to the clinical rehabilitation process. Despite there being a paucity of clinical trials to validate EE in either neuroprotection or recovery following human disease or trauma it is believed that the cognitive, physical and/or social stimulation that accompany the rehabilitative processes is enriching and advantageous to patients.