中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (10): 4567-4577.

• 综述:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脊髓损伤后炎症微环境的时空紊乱

  

  • 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（U22A20297、82172433、82372400、823B2060、824B2078），广州市重点研发计划（202206060003），广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2024A1515012766、2023A1515010313），广州市科技项目（2023A03J0203），广东省药品监督管理局科技创新项目（2024ZDZ13），中国博士后科学基金博士后研究项目（GZB20240904），中国博士后科学基金（2024M763769、2025T180653）

Spatiotemporal disarray of inflammatory microenvironment following spinal cord injury

Jiawei Di1, 2, #, Yubao Lu1, 2, #, Senyu Yao1, 2, #, Haojie Zhang1, 2, #, Zhenming Tian1, 2, Longyou Xiao1, 2, Zhizhong Shang1, 2, Lei He1, 2, Mao Pang1, 2, Yang Yang1, 2, Liangming Zhang1, 2, Liumin He1, 2, Bin Liu1, 2, *, Limin Rong1, 2, *   

  1. 1Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; 
    2Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-06-11
  • Contact: Limin Rong, MD, ronglm@mail.sysu.edu.cn; Bin Liu, MD, liubin6@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. U22A20297, 82172433 (both to LR), 82372400 (to BL), 823B2060 (to SY), 824B2078 (to YL); The Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou, No. 202206060003 (to LR); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, Nos. 2024A1515012766 (to BL), 2023A1515010313 (to MP); Guangzhou Science and Technology Project, No. 2023A03J0203 (to BL); Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration Science and Technology Innovation Project, No. 2024ZDZ13 (to BL); Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. GZB20240904 (to SY); The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Nos. 2024M763769, 2025T180653 (both to SY), 2025M782367 (to JD).

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摘要：

脊髓损伤是一种严重的神经系统疾病，对个人和社会都产生深远影响。其病程进展涉及初始机械性损伤与炎症驱动的继发性损伤之间复杂的相互作用。文章综述了脊髓损伤及其他神经系统疾病中炎症微环境时空分布图谱的最新研究，重点探讨机制研究进展与治疗方案。损伤后炎症微环境由多种免疫细胞和胶质细胞组成，其表型与功能随时间动态变化。当前共识认为炎症具有悖论性：急性期虽能抑制损伤扩散，但慢性或失调的炎症反应会通过兴奋性毒性、氧化应激及胶质瘢痕形成等途径加剧神经损伤。时空转录组学分析与类器官模型等技术手段显著提升了解析细胞间相互作用及发现新分子靶点的能力。针对该微环境的多种疗法已相继开发。干细胞疗法（特别是人脐带间充质干细胞）在实验及早期临床研究中展现出促进组织再生与免疫调节的潜力。生物工程手段（如生物材料支架与控释药物）正被探索用于优化药物递送和改善损伤微环境。通过调节细胞因子网络、氧化通路或免疫检查点实现的药物干预虽取得部分成效，但受限于患者异质性和损伤模式差异。持续存在的挑战包括：确定特定情境下的作用机制、识别最佳治疗窗口期，以及整合多种方法以实现最佳疗效。因此，深入理解脊髓损伤后炎症的时空动态特征，对设计靶向干预至关重要。未来研究方向包括：整合多组学数据集、识别用于患者分层的预测性生物标志物，以及开发适应性治疗方案——通过精细调节而非抑制免疫反应来促进神经修复和功能恢复。


https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-7393 (Limin Rong); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9295-8176 (Bin Liu)

关键词: 生物工程, 中枢神经系统, 基因表达谱分析, 间充质干细胞, 神经炎症性疾病, 神经科学, 类器官, 精准医学, 再生, 脊髓损伤

Abstract:

Spinal cord injury is a severe neurological condition with far-reaching consequences for both individuals and society. Its progression involves a complex interplay between the initial mechanical insult and inflammation-driven secondary injury. This review interprets recent studies on the spatiotemporal map of the inflammatory microenvironment in spinal cord injury and other neurological disorders, focusing on the latest mechanistic research and treatment options. The postinjury inflammatory microenvironment comprises diverse immune and glial cell populations whose phenotypes and functions change over time. The current consensus suggests that inflammation has a paradoxical nature: while it can limit lesion spread in the acute stage, chronic or dysregulated responses contribute to further neural damage through pathways such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and glial scar formation. Methods such as spatiotemporal transcriptomic analyses and organoid-based models have improved our ability to resolve cell–cell interactions and discover new molecular targets. Numerous therapies targeting this microenvironment have been developed. Stem cell–based approaches, especially human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, show promise in promoting tissue regeneration and immune regulation in experimental and early clinical studies. Bioengineering methods such as using biomaterial scaffolds and controlled drug release are being investigated to improve drug delivery and the injury microenvironment. Pharmacological efforts to modify cytokine networks, oxidative pathways, or immune checkpoints have achieved some success, hampered by patient heterogeneity and injury patterns. Persistent challenges include determining the context-specific mechanisms, identifying the best treatment windows, and combining a few methods for the best effect. In summary, detailed understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of post–spinal cord injury inflammation is essential for designing targeted interventions. Future directions include integrating multiomics datasets, identifying predictive biomarkers for patient stratification, and developing adaptive treatment protocols that fine-tune rather than suppress immune responses to promote neural repair and functional recovery.

Key words: bioengineering, central nervous system, gene expression profiling, mesenchymal stem cells, neuroinflammatory diseases, neurosciences, organoids, precision medicine, regeneration