中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (7): 2541-2554.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00263

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

镁与神经损伤：机制与应用

  

  • 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2025-10-16
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（82471415）； 吉林省医学卫生人才专项项目（2024WSZX-D03）；中国吉林省自然科学基金（YDZJ202401262ZYTS）。

Magnesium and nerve injury: Mechanisms and applications

Hongye Yan1 , Su Pan1 , Longchuan Zhu1 , Weijian Kong2 , Zhiping Qi1, *   

  1. 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China;  2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
  • Online:2026-07-15 Published:2025-10-16
  • Contact: Zhiping Qi, MD, yangxiaoy@jlu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82471415 (to ZQ); Jilin Province Medical and Health Talents Special Project, No. 2024WSZX-D03 (to ZQ); the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China, No. YDZJ202401262ZYTS (to ZQ).

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摘要：

镁是人体内一种至关重要的矿物质，通过抗兴奋性毒性、抗炎作用、减轻氧化应激以及线粒体保护等机制，对神经损伤的恢复起到显著作用，因此，镁离子的作用在神经损伤修复领域引起了广泛关注。文章的目的是综述镁在神经损伤修复中的作用机制与应用前景。镁离子作为关键的神经调节因子，通过抑制N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体、调节钙离子平衡、抗炎、抗氧化及保护线粒体功能，显著缓解神经损伤后的继发性损害。研究表明，镁离子可减少兴奋性毒性导致的神经元死亡，抑制炎症因子释放，并改善线粒体功能。此外，镁基材料（如镁金属、镁合金、表面改性镁材料、镁基金属玻璃等）在神经修复中展现出独特优势，例如通过可控降解释放镁离子、促进轴突再生及提供机械支撑。然而，其快速腐蚀速率及研究数量较少制约了其广泛应用。目前的小样本临床研究显示，镁制剂在偏头痛、阿尔茨海默病及创伤性脑损伤等疾病中已展示出一定疗效，为镁在神经损伤康复中的应用提供了新视角。总之，镁离子及衍生材料在神经损伤修复中具有广阔应用前景，未来需加强镁离子作用机制的深入研究，开发性能更优的镁基生物材料，并推动大样本临床试验来验证其安全性和有效性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2516-440X (Zhiping Qi)

关键词: 脑损伤, 镁离子, 镁基材料, 神经损伤机制, 神经损伤修复, 视神经损伤, 周围神经损伤, 脊髓损伤, 镁的安全性, 镁离子的作用

Abstract: Magnesium is a vital mineral that plays an important role in recovery from nerve injury recovery by inhibiting excitotoxicity, suppressing inflammatory effects, reducing oxidative stress, and protecting mitochondria. The role of magnesium ions in the field of nerve injury repair has garnered substantial attention. This paper aims to review the mechanisms of action and potential applications of magnesium in nerve injury repair. Magnesium ions, as key neuroregulatory factors, substantially alleviate secondary damage after nerve injury by inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, regulating calcium ion balance, providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and protecting mitochondrial function. Magnesium ions have been shown to reduce neuronal death caused by excitotoxicity, inhibit the release of inflammatory factors, and improve mitochondrial function. Additionally, magnesium materials, such as metallic magnesium, magnesium alloys, surface-modified magnesium materials, and magnesium-based metallic glass, exhibit unique advantages in nerve repair. For example, magnesium materials can control the release of magnesium ions, thereby promoting axonal regeneration and providing mechanism support. However, the rapid corrosion of magnesium materials and the limited amount of research on these materials hinder their widespread application. Existing small-sample clinical studies have indicated that magnesium formulations show some efficacy in conditions such as migraines, Alzheimer’s disease, and traumatic brain injury, offering a new perspective for the application of magnesium in nerve injury rehabilitation. Magnesium ions and their derived materials collectively hold great promise for applications in nerve injury repair. Future efforts should focus on in-depth research on the mechanisms of action of magnesium ions and the development of magnesium-based biomaterials with enhanced performance. Additionally, large-scale clinical trials should be conducted to validate their safety and efficacy.

Key words: brain injury, magnesium ions, magnesium-based materials, mechanism of nerve injury, nerve injury repair, nerve regeneration, optic nerve injury, peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury