关键词: 人工智能, 生物标志物, 基因表达调控, 基因组学, 代谢组学, 神经再生, 神经通路, 蛋白质组学, 单细胞分析, 转录组学

Abstract: Recently, with the rapid advancement of multi-omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, new tools and approaches have been introduced for studying nerve injury and regeneration. This review highlights the application and progress of multi-omics in uncovering the mechanisms of nerve injury, guiding the development of regenerative strategies, and promoting clinical translation. By integrating multi-omics datasets, researchers can comprehensively track dynamic molecular changes following nerve injury, including abnormal gene expression, disrupted protein signaling, altered metabolic programs, and shifts in the immune microenvironment. Single-cell multi-omics technologies resolve cellular heterogeneity, revealing the distinct functions of neurons, glial cells, and immune cell subpopulations during the injury response. Spatially resolved transcriptomics maintain the spatial context of lesion and regeneration sites, enabling precise localization for targeted interventions. Multi-omics technologies not only identify key molecular players involved in nerve regeneration but also create opportunities for personalized medicine. Nonetheless, integrating multi-omics data poses technical challenges, including high dimensionality, batch effects, and algorithmic constraints, while ethical concerns related to stem cell therapy and gene editing require stringent oversight. To transition from structural reconstruction to functional remodeling, future research should emphasize artificial intelligence–driven data integration, organ-on-a-chip modeling, and cross-disciplinary collaboration to overcome existing technical barriers and accelerate the clinical application of neuroregenerative therapies. 

Key words: artificial intelligence, biomarkers, gene expression regulation, genomics, metabolomics, nerve regeneration, neural pathways, proteomics, single-cell analysis, transcriptomics